Darius the Mede and the Four World Empires in the Book of Daniel: A Historical Study of Contemporary Theories"The present study is limited to the related questions of Darius the Mede and the Four World Empires of Nebuchadnezzar's dream and of Daniel's first vision. So far as Darius the Mede is concerned, it is still generally agreed within the critical school that he has no place in history, and that he is a fictitious creation out of confused traditions. But anti-critical orthodoxy has not given up the attempt to find a place in history for him. . . . "So far as the Four World Empires are concerned, the issue is not between critical orthodoxy and anti-critical orthodoxy. For here almost every solution which is proposed . . . goes back far beyond the foundation of the critical school. . . . "The present study will therefore be limited to the consideration of theories . . . which have appeared in writings published within the present century, but will take into account the advocacy of those theories both before and during this century. It will aim to determine which of these theories may be accepted, and to show why those rejected are untenable. It will also aim to strengthen the defences of the positions adopted against the many challenges which surround them, and to advance fresh considerations for their support." --from the Introduction |
Contents
DARIUS THE MEDE IS NOT CAMBYSES | 12 |
DARIUS THE MEDE IS NOT GOBRYAS | 21 |
DARIUS THE MEDE IS NOT ASTYAGES | 30 |
THERE IS NO RELIABLE EVIDENCE FOR | 47 |
DARIUS THE MEDE IS A CONFLATION | 54 |
THE FOUR WORLD EMPIRES | 61 |
THE FIRST KINGDOM IS THE NEOBABYLONIAN | 67 |
THE SECOND AND THIRD KINGDOMS ARE | 138 |
THE INTERPRETATIONS THAT FIND FOUR | 161 |
CONCLUSION | 175 |
TABLE OF VARIETIES OF INTERPRETATION OF | 184 |
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Common terms and phrases
Ahasuerus Alexander Alexander's Alfrink amongst Antiochus Epiphanes Aramaic Artaxerxes Astyages Babylonian Belshazzar Bevan Biblical book of Daniel Boutflower Buch Daniel Cambyses century B.C. chapter vii Christ climax cols Crit critical Cyaxares Cyrus Danielem Darius Hystaspis Darius the Mede Demetrius Eerdmans Egypt Einl Ezra four fourth beast fourth empire fourth kingdom Gesch Geschichte Gobryas Greek empire Greek view Gubaru held Hertlein Hist Hitzig holds Horn of chapter ibid identified interpretation Jerome Keil kingdoms of chap Kliefoth Little Horn Loeb Median empire Medo-Persian Migne Nabonidus Nebuchadnezzar Neo-Babylonian Neo-Babylonian empire noted Old Testament Persian empire Proph prophecies Ptol Ptolemy Philometor Pusey reference reign of Cyrus represent Riessler Roman empire Roman view Seleucus Philopator successors supposed Syrian Theol theory three uprooted horns throne übers viii vision vols Wright writers Xenophon Xerxes Zöckler