ESA, Endangered Species Act

Tony A. Sullins

American Bar Association, 2001 - Education - 203 pages

Provides an objective overview of what the ESA says and means, based upon the language of the statute itself and the regulations that implement it, as well as the judicial decisions interpreting each. Specific chapters cover critical habitat designation, conservation, prohibited acts and penalties, Section 7 consultation, incidental take permits, the Section 7 exemption process, state and federal interactions, international application, experimental populations, and citizen suits. Appendixes define acronyms, answer frequently asked questions, and describe key cases. A glossary is also included. Sullins is an attorney-advisor for the United State Department of the Interior Solicitor's Office in Boise, Idaho. c. Book News Inc.

Contents

• Executive Summary: 1
• 12 Purposes of the Endangered Species Act: 2
• 13 Basic Structure of the ESA: 3
• Listing and Critical Designation: 5
• 22 What Is a Species?: 6
• 221 Distinct Population Segments DPSs: 8
• 23 Listing Criteria: 11
• 231 Best Scientific and Commercial Data Available: 13
• 24 Candidate Species: 15
• 25 The Petition Process: 16
• 251 The 90Day Finding: 18
• 252 12Month Finding: 19
• 26 Rulemaking Procedures Necessary to List a Species: 20
• 261 Proposed Listing Contents: 21
• 262 Notice and Comment: 22
• 263 The Final Rule: 23
• 27 Emergency Listings: 24
• 28 Critical Habitat: 26
• 281 Prudent and Determinable: 27
• 282 Critical Habitat Designation and Revision: 28
• Conservation Section 7a1 and Recovery Planning: 29
• 32 Section 7a1 Conservation Obligations: 31
• Mandatory or Voluntary?: 32
• 33 Recovery Plans: 34
• 331 Discretion of FWSNMFS in Recovery Plan Preparation and Content: 36
• Prohibited Acts and Penalties ESA Sections 9 and 11: 39
• 411 Conduct Prohibited: 40
• 412 Threatened Species and Section 4d Rules: 42
• 413 Plants: 43
• 414 Prohibited Take and the Harm Debate: 44
• Habitat Modification May Result in Prohibited Harm: 45
• Harm Definition Upheld: 46
• The New Era of Section 9 Litigation: 49
• 4144 Injury: 52
• Overview: 54
• 422 Scienter: 55
• 423 Bodily Harm Defense: 57
• Section 7 Consultation: 59
• 52 Agency Action: 61
• 521 Incremental Step Consultation: 63
• 522 The Role of Private Applicants: 64
• 53 Effects of the Action: 67
• 531 The Environmental Baseline: 68
• 532 Direct and Indirect Effects: 69
• 533 Interrelated and Interdependent Activities: 70
• 54 The Consultation Process: 71
• Screening the Action: 72
• 5412 Major Construction Activity?: 73
• Biological Assessment Preparation or Informal Consultation: 74
• 5422 Biological Assessments: 75
• Formal Consultation: 76
• 5431 Biological Opinion: 77
• 5432 Jeopardy Adverse Modification and Reasonable and Prudent Alternatives: 78
• 5433 Incidental Take Statements: 80
• 544 Reinitiation of Consultation: 82
• 56 IrreversibleIrretrievable Commitments of Resources: 83
• 561 Not All Irreversible or Irretrievable Commitments of Resources Are Prohibited: 84
• 57 Conferencing: 86
• Incidental Take Permits and Other Allowable Take: 87
• 62 Incidental Take Permits: 88
• 63 Habitat Conservation Plans: 89
• 631 Scope of an HCP: 90
• 632 HCP Mitigation Requirements: 91
• 633 NoSurprises Policy: 93
• 634 Consultation Requirement: 95
• 64 Enhancement of Survival and Safe Harbor Permits: 96
• 65 Miscellaneous Taking Exceptions: 99
• 66 Candidate Conservation Agreements with Assurances: 100
• Section 7 Exemption Process: 103
• 72 Applying for an Exemption: 104
• 722 When to Apply for an Exemption: 105
• 724 Initial Secretarial Action on the Application: 106
• Phase I Consideration by the Secretary: 107
• 732 Hearings: 108
• 733 The Secretarys Report: 109
• Phase II The Endangered Species Committee: 110
• 742 The Exemption Decision: 111
• 743 Mitigation and Enhancement: 112
• StateFederal Interactions under the ESA: 115
• 82 The ESA as a Valid Exercise of Congressional Commerce Power: 117
• 821 Preemption of State Law: 118
• 83 Section 6 Cooperative Agreements: 119
• 84 1994 NMFSFWS Policy Regarding States Roles: 120
• International Application of the ESA: 121
• 92 International Cooperation: 122
• 93 International Applicability of Various ESA Provisions: 123
• 932 Designation of Critical Habitat: 124
• 934 Recovery Planning: 125
• 94 Implementation of CITES and the Western Hemisphere Convention: 126
• 942 Western Hemisphere Convention: 128
• Experimental Populations: 131
• 102 Experimental Population Establishment: 132
• 1021 Geographic Separation: 133
• 1022 Essential versus Nonessential Experimental Populations: 135
• 10222 Section 7 Consultation: 136
• Citizen Suits Standing and Procedure: 139
• 113 60Day Notice Requirement: 140
• 114 APA Review as an Alternative to an ESA Citizen Suit: 143
• 115 Standing: 144
• 1151 Article III Standing: 145
• Causation: 147
• Redressability: 148
• 1152 Prudential Standing: 149
• 116 Miscellaneous: 150
• Acronym List: 151
• Frequently Asked Questions: 153
• Key Cases: 167
• Glossary: 175
• Bibliography: 189
• Index: 193

Bibliographic information

• Title: ESA, Endangered Species Act; Basic practice series; Hein's ABA Archive Microfiche Collection; Neuroscience Intelligence Unit
• Author: Tony A. Sullins
• Publisher: American Bar Association, 2001
• ISBN: 1570739145, 9781570739149
• Length: 203 pages
• Subjects: Education / General; Law / Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice; Law / General; Nature / Endangered Species