Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for Academies and High Schools

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper & brothers, 1841 - 480 страници

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Further proof of the beginnings of knowledge from external causes	21

Of the meaning and nature of perception	27

Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations	33

CHAPTER V	38

Origin of the notion of extension and of form or figure	40

On the sensations of heat and cold	41

Of the sensations of hardness and softness	42

Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch	44

Of reasoning from analogy	208

Of reasoning by induction	209

Of combined or accumulated arguments	210

Lavath	211

Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion	212

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject 213 199 Reject the aid of false arguments or sophisms	213

Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases	215

Of the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	216

Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified 韶山如HR的	45

CHAPTER VI	46

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception	47

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	48

The idea of extension not originally from sight	49

Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight	50

Illustration of the subject from the blind	51

Measurements of magnitude by the	52

Of objects seen in a mist 41 Of the sun and moon when seen in the horizon	53

Of the estimation of distances by sight	54

Signs by means of which we estimate distance by sight	55

Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects	56

Of objects seen on the ocean	57

CHAPTER VII	58

Of habit in relation to the smell	59

Of habit in relation to the taste	60

Of habit in relation to the hearing	62

Application of habit to the touch	64

Other striking instances of habits of touch	65

Habits considered in relation to the sight	66

Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase of power	68

of babits as modified by particular callings and arts 56 The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects	70

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine	71

Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine	72

CHAPTER VIII	73

Of conceptions of objects of sight	74

Of the influence of habit on our conceptions	76

Influence of habit on conceptions of sight 63 Of the subserviency of our conceptions to description	77

Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief	78

Conceptions which are joined with perceptions	81

Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations	82

SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXNESS OF MENTAL STATES Section Paro 67 Origin of the distinction of simple and complex	83

Simple mental states representative of a reality	85

Origin of complex notions and their relation to simple	86

Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings	87

The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood	88

Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind	89

Complex notions of external origin	90

Of objects contemplated as wholes 9	91

CHAPTER X	92

Instances of particular abstract ideas	93

Mental process in separating and abstracting them	94

General abstract notions the same with genera and species	95

Process in classification or the forming of genera and species	96

Early classifications sometimes incorrect	97

Of the nature of general abstract ideas	98

The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c	99

Of the speculations of philosophers and others	100

CHAPTER XI	101

Of different degrees of attention	102

Dependence of memory on attention	103

Of exercising attention in reading	104

Alleged inability to command the attention	105

Instances of notions which have an mternal origin	106

Definition of dreams and the prevalence of them 94 Connexion of dreams with our waking thoughts	107

Dreams are often caused by our sensations	108

Explanation of the incoherenicy of dreams 1st cause 97 Second cause of the incoherency of dreams	110

Of our estimate of time in dreaming	113

Explanation of the preceding statements	114

INTELLECTUAL STATES OF INTERNAL ORIGIN	117

CHAPTER 1	119

Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself	120

CHAPTER II	123

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	124

Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion	126

Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession	127

Origin of the notion of duration 113 Illustrations of the nature of duration	128

Of time and its measurements and of eternity	129

The idea of space not of external origin	130

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	131

Of the origin of the idea of power 118 Occasions of the origin of the idea of power	132

Of the ideas of right and wrong	133

Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit	134

Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion 122 Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas	135

CHAPTER III	136

Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness	137

Consciousnes a ground or law of belief	138

CHAPTER IV	140

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	141

Of the use of correlative terms	142

DEMONSTRATIVE REASONING	143

11 Of relations of proportion	144

iv Of relations of place or position	145

v Of relations of time	146

v1 Of ideas of possession	147

Of relations of cause and effect	148

Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect	149

Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning	150

CHAPTER V	151

Of the general laws of association	152

Resemblance the first general law of association	153

Of resemblance in the effects produced	154

Contrast the second general or primary	155

Contiguity the third general or primary	157

Cause and effect the fourth primary law 140 141 142 ib 143 144 145	158

CHAPTER VII	166

Section	167

Illustrations of philosophic memory	172

Further directions for the improvement of the memory	179

Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge	185

Use of definitions and axioms in demonstrative reasoning	186

The opposites of demonstrative reasonings absurd	187

Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief	188

Of the use of diagrams in demonstrations	189

Definition of reasoning and of propositions	191

Of differences in the power of reasoning	197

Pago	201

CHAPTER XI	206

Of the nature of moral certainty	207

Of adherence to our opinions	217

Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth	218

CHAPTER XIII	219

The imagination closely related to the reasoning power	220

Definition of the power of imagination	221

Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination	222

Further remarks on the sam 209 Illustration from the writings of Dr Reid	223

Grounds of the preference of one conception to another	224

Illustration of the subject from Milton 212 The creations of imagination not entirely volontary	225

Illustration of the statements of the preceding section	227

On the utility of the faculty of the imagination 215 Importance of the imaginalion in connexion with reasoning	228

CHAPTER XIV	231

Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general 218 Of the less permanent excited conceptions of sight	232

Of the less permament excited conceptions of sound 220 First cause of permanently viviù conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina ...	235

Methods of relief adopled in this case	239

Of disordered or alienated sensations	245

231	248

232	249

235	251

I	259

Classification of the natural sensibilities	265

The character of emotions changes so as to comform to that	272

Section	273

Of sounds considered as a source of beauty	286

Explanation of the beauty of motion from Kaimes	292

Emotions of cheerfulness joy and gladness	295

The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of human	298

Of colours in connexion with the sublime	304

Occasions of emotions of the ludicrous	310

CLASS II	318

Desires always imply an object desired	324

Of the natural desire of esteem	328

Of the desire of esteem as a rule of conduct	329

Instances of instincts in the human mind	330

33 Of the moral character of the possessory principle 332 Of perversions of	332

Of the desire of power	333

Of the moral character of the desire of power	334

Propensity of selflove or the desire of happiness	335

CHAPTER IV	336

Reference to the opinions of philosophical writers	337

The principle of sociality original in the human mind	338

Evidence of the existence of this principle of sociality	339

Other illustrations of the existence of this principle	340

Relation of the social principle to civil society	341

Practical results of the principle of imitation	342

338	354

THE MALEVOLENT AFFECTIONS 342 Of the comparative rank of the affections	358

Of the complex nature of the affections	359

Of resentment or anger	360

Illustrations of instinctive resentment 346 Uses and moral character of instinctive resentment	361

Of voluntary in distinction from instinctive resentment	362

Tendency of anger to excess and the natural checks to	363

Other reasons for checking and subduing the angry passions	365

Modifications of resentment Peevishness	366

Modifications of resentment Envy	367

Modifications of resentment Jealousy	368

Modifications of resentment Revenge 354 Nature of the passion of fear 358 359 360 361 ib 362 363 365 366 367 368	369

CHAPTER VI	371

Love in its various forms characterized by a twofold action	372

Illustrations of the strength of the parental affection	374

Of the filial affection	375

The filial affection original or implanted	376

Illustrations of the filial affection	377

Of the nature of the fraternal affection	379

On the utility of the domestic affections	380

Of the moral character of the domestic affections and of the be nevolent affections generally	381

Of the connexion between benevolence and rectitude	383

Of humanity or the love of the human race	384

Further proofs in support of the doctrine of an innate humanity or love for the human race	386

Proofs of a humane or philanthropic principle from the existence of benevolent institutions	387

Other remarks in proof of the same doctrine	388

Of patriotism or love of country	389

Of the affection of friendship	390

Of the affection of pity or sympathy	391

Of the moral character of pity	392

375 Of the affection of gratitude	394

LOVE TO THE SUPREME BEING Section 376 Man created originally with the principle of love to God	395

That man was originally created with a principle of love to God further shown from the Scriptures	396

379 Relation of the principle of supreme love to God to principles of the pathematic sensibilities	398

The absence of this principle attended with an excessive and sin ful action of other principles	400

Further illustrations of the results of the absence of this principle	401

CHAPTER VIII	404

Of habits in connexion with the propensities	405

Of habits in connexion with the affections	406

Of the origin of secondary active principles 404 as	408

PART II	411

387	413

Classification of the moral sensibilities	414

Of the place or position mentally considered of the emotions of approval or disapproval 391 Changes in the moral emotions take place in accordance...	416

392	418

CHAPTER II	419

Of the close connexion between conscience and reasoning	420

Illustration of the preceding section	421

Or the training or education of the conscience	422

Of guilt when a person acts conscientiously 419 420 421 422	423

CHAPTER III	424

Further proof from the conduct of men	425

Further proof from language and literature	426

Further proof from the necessity of these feelings	427

CHAPTER IV	433

Further illustrations of the influence of wrong speculative opin	439

Of the discouragements attending a process of moral instruction	445

424	447

CHAPTER I	451

427	452

Familiar instances of sympathetic imitation	462

Insanity of the affections or passions	468

CHAPTER IV	475

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Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for ...
Thomas Cogswell Upham
Пълен достъп - 1860

Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for ...
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Пълен достъп - 1843

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able abstract action acts appear application association attention beauty become belief body called cause character circumstances colour combined complex conceptions connexion consciousness consequence consideration considered constitution continued direct distinct dreams effect emotions evidence examination exercise existence experience explanation expressed external fact feelings frequently further give given greater habit hearing Hence human ideas illustrated imagination important increased influence instance intellectual interest kind knowledge known less means memory mental mentioned merely mind moral nature necessary never notice notion objects observation occasion once operations origin particular perceived perception perhaps period person possess practice present principle probably properties propositions qualities reasoning reference regard relation relative remark respect result seems sensations sense sensibilities separate sight simple sometimes sound speak statement succession Suggestion supposed term things thoughts tion touch train true truth various whole

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Заглавие	Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for Academies and High Schools
Автор	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Издател	Harper & brothers, 1841
Оригиналът е от	Харвардският университет
Цифровизирана на	18 мар 2008
Брой страници	480 страници

Експортиране на описанието	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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Elements of Mental Philosophy: Abridged and Designed as a Text-book for Academies and High Schools

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