Forest Decline ConceptsPaul D. Manion, Denis Lachance International in scope, this book provides a foundation of diverse ideas and approaches to explain complex problems of trees. |
Contents
MECHANISM OF FOREST DIEBACK | 38 |
A COMPLEX DISEASE OR A COMPLEX | 59 |
ALASKA | 108 |
Copyright | |
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Common terms and phrases
abiotic acid acute yellowing adelgid air pollution Alaska yellow-cedar annual Armillaria assessment associated balsam wooly adelgid bark beech birch dieback Canada canker canopy cause cavitation cedar climate conifers Crown class Crown condition crown dieback damage classes dead death decline and mortality decline diseases defoliation deterioration dieback and decline drought dying ecological ecosystem Environment environmental episodes etiology foliage forest condition forest damage forest dieback forest health survey forest trees Forestry frost fungi Geostatistical Germany growth insects Kandler leaf Manion maple dieback non-decline plots northern hardwoods Norway spruce oak decline observed occurred Ontario organisms pathogens Phytopathology Plant predisposing Quebec recent red spruce region reported Research root saprogens senescence silver fir snags soil southeast Alaska spatial stands stem stress factors studies sugar maple sugar maple decline symptoms Tannensterben temperatures tissues tree condition tree decline tree species USDA variables variogram Waldsterben xylem yellow birch