How Languages are Learned 4th editionTeachers are often told that new teaching methods and materials are 'based on the latest research'. But what does this mean in practice? This book introduces you to some of the language acquisition research that will help you not just to evaluate existing materials, but also to adapt and use them in a way that fits what we currently understand about how languages are learned. |
Contents
| 5 | |
| 15 | |
Second language learning | |
Individual differences in second language learning | |
Explaining second language learning | |
Observing learning and teaching in the second language classroom | |
Second language learning in the classroom | |
Popular ideas about language learning revisited | |
Glossary | |
Bibliography | |
Index | |
Common terms and phrases
ability accuracy acquire activities adult analysis approach aptitude audiolingual behaviour bilingual characteristics child classes cognitive communicative language teaching complex comprehension-based content-based contrastive analysis conversation corrective feedback Critical Period Hypothesis developmental sequences display questions educational environment example explicit exposure focused foreign language form-focused instruction French immersion grammar translation grammatical gender grammatical morphemes hypothesis imitation immersion programmes interaction interlanguage knowledge language backgrounds language classrooms language features language form language learning learner language learning a second Lightbown linguistic Merrill Swain metalinguistic motivation native speakers Negotiation for meaning noun observed older learners opportunities oral output hypothesis patterns perspective practice processing produce proficiency pronunciation reading recasts relative clauses saw in Chapter second language acquisition second language learners second or foreign sentences Spada speaking speech Stage Stephen Krashen structures studies success suggests target language task teachers tests theory types understand University Press variety verb vocabulary word order