Indians, Oil, and Politics: A Recent History of Ecuador'It is indispensable that Ecuador has peace, but to have peace you need freedom and to have freedom you need justice. And the Indian population needs justice.'-President Gustavo Noboa, January 23, 2000 For five centuries, the Indians had very little voice in Ecuador. Now they are major protagonists who seek more acceptable terms in which to coexist in a society with two vastly different world views and cultures-that of Indians and that of the descendants of Europeans. Their recent political uprising has become the most powerful and influential indigenous movement in Latin America. They have inspired other Indian movements throughout the continent. Author Allen Gerlach details the origins and evolution of the Indian rebellion, focusing on the key period of the last thirty years. In the process, he also presents a concise political history of Ecuador. Gerlach infuses his text with an abundant supply of quotations from participants in the rise in ethnic politics, bringing Ecuador's history and the Indians' opposition to the country's government to life. In addition, Indians, Oil, and Politics serves as a case study on what happens to a nation when its economy is based solely on one commodity-in this instance, oil. The discovery of oil in the Amazon in 1967 was a major factor in Ecuador's modernization and also sparked the Indians' fight for their rights. Oil wealth wreaked havoc on the environment and cultures of the native people of the Amazon, and it did not end old traditions of political fragmentation and corruption. Gerlach explains that the Indians fought back by forming federations to advance their interests and by joining forces with similar structures molded in the highlands of Ecuador. Together they created the country's first truly national indigenous organization in 1986-CONAIE (The Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador)-and by 2000 their movement was a major force to be reckoned with, one which increasingly influenced state policy. This book shows how the Indians helped bring down two governments when massive demonstrations led to the fall of two regimes in 1997 and 2000. The Indians battled for economic advancement, but above all demanded respect for the dignity of their culture and for their moral and historical rights to their lands and territories. This valuable case study of the politics of ethnicity will become increasingly useful for those interested in Latin American politics. |
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Abdalá Bucaram Alarcón Álvarez Amazon Antonio Vargas Armed Forces Arteaga Associated Press bank Borja budget called Carlos Mendoza Carlos Solórzano century claimed Cloth ISBN Cofán Colombia Comercio Quito CONAIE CONAIE's Congress constitution corruption country's cultural decades deputies derrocó a Mahuad Diario La Hora dollar economic Ecuador Ecuadorean ECUARUNARI elected Febres Cordero foreign debt Gallardo Golpe groups Guayaquil Gustavo Noboa highlands Hora Quito Huaorani Indian movement INDÍGENAS indigenous inflation Jamil Mahuad January 21 Joint Command José junior officers labor land later Latin America leaders León Febres Cordero Levantamiento loans Lucio Gutiérrez Luis Macas major ment military million minister Moncayo Nebot organization Paper ISBN parties percent Peru Plan Colombia policies political population President Noboa presidential protests province Quishpe reform resign Reuters revenue Rosalía Arteaga Sandoval sector Shuar social Solórzano sucre taxes tion U.S. government Universo Guayaquil vice president Vistazo Quito vote