Industry in England: Historical Outlines

Henry de Beltgens Gibbins

Methuen & Company, 1896 - England - 479 pages

Contents

• CHAPTER I: 3
• Their Social and Economic Condition: 4
• The Bronze Age and the Celtic Immigration: 5
• The Peoples of Early Britain: 6
• Their Social and Economic Condition: 7
• The Celts in the time of Pytheas: 11
• Foreign Trade of Britain: 14
• Roads and Rivers: 16
• Physical Aspect of PreRoman Britain: 17
• The Roman Occupation 13 Roman Roads: 21
• Roman Towns in Britain: 23
• The Romans and Agriculture: 25
• Celtic and NonRoman Influence in Agriculture: 27
• Commerce and Industry in Roman Britain: 31
• CHAPTER III: 34
• The Saxon Village and its Inhabitants: 37
• Village Life: 38
• Methods of Cultivation: 40
• Isolation of Villages Crafts and Trades Markets: 41
• Foreign Commerce and the Danes: 43
• Summary of Trade and Industry in the Saxon Period: 46
• CHAPTER IV: 47
• The Mark Theory and the Manor: 48
• Criticisms of the Mark Theory: 49
• Special Privileges of Towns: 51
• Vinogradoffs Evidence on the Manorial System: 52
• The Gilds and the Towns Various kinds of Gilds: 53
• Evidence from Manorial Courts and Customs: 55
• The Customary Tenants: 56
• The Evidence of Village Communities: 57
• A Survey of the Origin of the Manor: 58
• The Feudal System: 60
• PERIOD II: 61
• CHAPTER V: 65
• The Population given by Domesday: 66
• The Wealth of various Districts: 68
• The Manors and Lords of the Manors: 70
• The Inhabitants of the Manor: 71
• The Condition of these Inhabitants: 73
• Services due to the Lord from his Tenants in Villeinage 41 Money Payments and Rents: 74
• Free Tenants Sokemen: 75
• The Distinction between Free and Unfree Tenants: 76
• Illustrations of Manors from Domesday: 78
• Cuxham Manor in the Eleventh and Thirteenth Centuries: 79
• Description of a Manor Village: 80
• The Decay of the Manorial System: 84
• CHAPTER VI: 86
• How the Merchant Gilds helped the Growth of Towns: 93
• How the Craft Gilds helped Industry: 94
• Life in the Towns of this time: 96
• CHAPTER VII: 98
• Foreign Trade The Crusades: 100
• The Trading Clauses in the Great Charter: 101
• The Jews in Englan: 103
• Flemish Weavers: 104
• CHAPTER VIII: 111
• Agriculture the Chief Occupation of the People: 112
• Methods of Cultivation The Capitalist Landlord and his Bailiff The Stock and Land Lease PERIOD III: 113
• The Tenants Communal Land and Closes 68 Ploughing 69 Stock Pigs and Poultry: 116
• Sheep: 117
• Increase of Sheepfarming: 118
• Consequent Increase of Enclosures: 119
• CHAPTER IX: 120
• Prices and Brands of English Wool: 124
• English Manufactures: 125
• SECTION PAGE 77 Foreign Manufacture of Fine Goods: 126
• Flemish Settlers teach the English Weavers Norwich: 127
• The Worsted Industry: 129
• Gilds in the Cloth Trade: 130
• 3 5: 131
• The Manufacturing Class and Politics: 132
• CHAPTER X: 134
• 7: 135
• 8: 136
• Markets: 138
• The Great Fairs: 140
• 14: 141
• The Fairs of Winchester and Stourbridge: 142
• 89: 144
• 90: 145
• 16: 146
• CHAPTER XI: 149
• 93: 150
• 94: 151
• The Effects of the Plague on Wages: 152
• 96: 155
• Effects of the Plague upon the Landowners: 156
• 98: 157
• The Statute of Quia Emptores: 158
• 100: 159
• 101: 161
• New Social Doctrines: 162
• 103: 163
• 104: 164
• Social and Political Questions: 165
• 106: 167
• The Storm Breaks Out: 168
• 108: 169
• The Result of the Revolt: 170
• The Condition of the English Labourer: 172
• 17: 173
• 21: 174
• Purchasing Power of Wages: 175
• 23: 176
• 111: 177
• 41: 178
• 112: 180
• 113: 182
• The Yeomen: 183
• 115: 184
• 116: 186
• 117: 187
• 118: 189
• 119: 190
• 120: 192
• 121: 194
• PERIOD IV: 197
• CHAPTER XIV: 199
• 31: 202
• 124: 203
• 125: 205
• The Issuing of Base Coin: 206
• The Confiscation of the Gild Lands: 207
• Bankruptcy and Rapacity of Edward VI s Government: 209
• The Agrarian Situation: 211
• The Enclosures of the Sixteenth Century: 213
• Evidence of the Results of Enclosing: 215
• Other Economic Changes The Finances: 218
• Summary of the Changes of the Sixteenth Century: 220
• CHAPTER XV: 223
• Foreign Trade in the Fifteenth Century: 224
• The Venetian Fleet: 225
• The Hanseatic Leagues Station in London: 227
• 46: 228
• The Decay of Antwerp and Rise of London as the Western Emporium: 230
• The Merchants and SeaCaptains of the Elizabethan Age in the New World: 231
• Remarks on the Signs and Causes of the Expansion of Trade: 232
• Disastrous Effects of the New Industrial System: 233
• Prosperity and Pauperism: 234
• The Restoration of the Currency: 235
• The Growth of Manufactures: 236
• 34: 237
• Monopolies of Manufacturing Towns: 239
• Exports of Manufactures and Foreign Trade: 240
• The Flemish Immigration: 241
• 37: 242
• The Revival of the Craft Gilds: 246
• 48: 247
• 49: 250
• The Condition of the Labourers: 251
• 38: 253
• Assessment of Wages by Justices The First Poor Law 154 The Working of the Assessment System: 255
• The Law of Apprenticeship: 259
• The Elizabethan Poor: 260
• Population: 263
• 52: 265
• Progress in James I s Reign Influence of Landlords: 266
• 55: 267
• 56: 268
• Rise of Price of Corn and of Rent: 269
• Special Features of the Eighteenth Century Popularity: 270
• Improvements of Cattle and in the Productiveness of Land Statistics: 271
• Survivals of Primitive Culture Common Fields: 273
• Great Increase of Enclosures: 274
• Benefits of Enclosures as Compared with the Old Common Fields: 275
• The Decay of the Yeomanry: 276
• Causes of the Decay of the Yeomanry: 278
• The Rise in Rent: 279
• The Fall in Wages: 280
• CHAPTER XVIII: 284
• The Beginnings of the Struggle with Spain: 285
• Cromwells Commercial Wars and the Navigation Acts: 286
• The Wars of William III and of Anne: 288
• English Colonies: 290
• Further Wars with France and Spain: 291
• The Struggle for India: 293
• 57: 294
• The Conquest of Canada: 295
• Survey of Commercial Progress during these Wars: 296
• Commercial Events of the Seventeenth Century Bankingthe Bank of England National Debt Restoration of the Currency: 299
• Other Important Commercial Events Darien Scheme Union of England and Scotland Methuen Treaty Speculation and the South Sea Bubble: 301
• CHAPTER XIX: 305
• Other Influences Favourable to England The Huguenot: 307
• Distribution of the Cloth Trade: 308
• Coal Mines: 310
• Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries: 311
• The Iron Trade: 312
• Pottery: 314
• Other Mining Industries: 315
• The Close of the Period of Manual Industries: 316
• PERIOD V: 319
• CHAPTER XX: 321
• PAGE: 323
• The Coming of the Capitalists: 324
• The Class of Small Manufacturers: 326
• The Condition of the Manufacturing Population: 327
• SECTION PAGE 197 Two Examples of Village Life: 328
• Condition of the Agricultural Population: 331
• Growth of Population: 332
• England still mainly Agricultural: 334
• The Domestic System of Manufacture: 336
• CHAPTER XXI: 341
• The Great Inventors: 343
• The Revolution in Manufactures and the Factories: 347
• The Growth of Population and the Development of the Northern Districts 349 1: 349
• The Revolution in the Mining Industries: 352
• The Improvements in Communications: 354
• The Nations Wealth and its Wars: 356
• CHAPTER XXII: 358
• The Mercantile Theory: 359
• The Mercantile Theory in Practice: 361
• English Policy towards the Colonies: 364
• Attempts to raise a Revenue from America: 367
• Outbreak of War: 368
• The Great Continental War: 370
• Its Effects upon Industry and the Working Classes: 372
• 58: 375
• 60: 376
• Political Results of the Industrial Revolution: 378
• CHAPTER XXIII: 381
• 228: 383
• Loss of Rural Life and of ByeIndustries 385 P 222 Contemporary Evidence of the New Order of Things: 387
• English Slavery The Apprentice System: 388
• The Beginning of the Factory Agitation: 391
• Efforts towards Factory Reform: 392
• Richard Oastler: 393
• Factory Agitation in Yorkshire For and Against: 395
• Ten Hours Day and Mr Sadler: 397
• The Evidence of Facts 898: 398
• 65: 399
• 230: 400
• 66: 403
• 232: 404
• 234: 408
• 235: 410
• 236: 412
• Restrictions upon Labour: 415
• 70: 416
• 71: 417
• 239: 419
• 240: 421
• 73: 423
• Wages: 424
• 242: 427
• 74: 430
• 76: 432
• The Stimulus caused by the Bounties: 433
• Agriculture under Protection: 435
• 246: 436
• 78: 438
• 247: 439
• The Labourer Land: 445
• 250: 447
• 251: 450
• 86: 451
• CHAPTER XXVI: 453
• 87: 455
• The Beginnings of Free Trade: 456
• 255: 458
• Modern Developments: 459
• Our Colonies: 461
• England and other Nations Wars: 463
• 259: 464
• 260: 466
• The Recent Depression in Trade: 467
• The Present Mercantile System Foreign Markets: 469
• 263: 470
• The Power of Labour Trades Unions and Cooperation Labour: 471
• 265: 473
• 273: 475
• 275: 476
• 469: 477
• 471: 478
• 280: 479

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Bibliographic information

• Title: Industry in England: Historical Outlines
• Author: Henry de Beltgens Gibbins
• Edition: 2
• Publisher: Methuen & Company, 1896
• Original from: Harvard University
• Digitized: Apr 15, 2008
• Length: 479 pages