International Law: A Treatise, 第 2 卷

Lassa Oppenheim

Longmans, Green and Company, 1921

內容

• SECT: xlv
• Good Offices in contradistinction to Mediation: 9
• Neutral MenofWar as an Asylum 348a Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked Soldiers and Sailors 3486 Neutral Territory and Shipwrecked War Materia...: 11
• 265: 13
• On what Principles Arbitrators proceed and decide: 15
• SEOT PAOR 19 Arbitral Justice in general: 26
• Arbitration Treaty and Appointment of Arbitrators: 28
• Procedure of and before the Arbitral Tribunal: 29
• Arbitral Award: 32
• Award binding upon Parties only: 33
• The League of Nations and State Differences 256 The League of Nations as a Factor in State Differences: 34
• 25c The Duties of the League itself: 35
• 25e Inquiry by the Assembly: 37
• 25g Disputes in which nonMembers are involved: 38
• CHAPTER II: 39
• Compulsive Means in contradistinction to War: 40
• Compulsive Means in contradistinction to an Ultimatum and De monstrations: 41
• Retorsion 29 Conception and Character of Rotorsion: 42
• Retorsion when justified: 43
• Reprisals 33 Conception of Reprisals in contradistinction to Retorsion: 44
• Reprisals admissible for all International Delinquencies: 45
• Reprisals admissible for International Delinquencies only: 46
• Reprisals by whom performed: 47
• Objects of Reprisals: 48
• Positive and Negative Reprisals: 49
• Reprisals must be proportionate: 50
• when Reparation is made: 51
• Reprisals during Peace in contradistinction to Reprisals during War: 52
• Manner of Pacific Blockade: 53
• Economic Boycott: 61
• War a Contention: 67
• The most important Developments of the Laws of: 68
• Binding Force of the Laws of War PAQE 84 86 90: 69
• Region of War in contradistinction to Theatre of: 70
• Particular Region of every: 71
• Exclusion from Region of War through Neutralisation: 72
• Asserted Exclusion of the Baltic Sea from the Region of War 92 93 96 98: 73
• The Belligerents 74 Qualification to become a Belligerent facultas bellandi: 74
• War Contention between States: 75
• Insurgents as a Belligerent Power: 76
• 76a The Case of the CzechoSlovaks 77 Principal and Accessory Belligerent Parties: 77
• 100: 84
• War Contention between States for the purpose of overpower: 92
• 101: 97
• Regular Armies and Navies: 103
• NonCombatant Members of Armed Forces 80 Irregular Forces: 105
• Levies en masse: 106
• Barbarous Forces: 108
• Privateers: 109
• Converted Merchantmen: 112
• The Crews of Merchantmen: 113
• Deserters and Traitors: 115
• Development of International Law regarding Captivity: 125
• Relief Societies: 131
• Civil: 136
• Moveable Publio Property: 137
• Other Private Personal Property: 143
• 384: 151
• 104: 166
• 106: 167
• 107: 168
• 109: 169
• 113: 171
• Enemy Character 87 On Enemy Character in general 88 Enemy Character of Individuals 88a Enemy Character of Corporations 89 Enemy Character ...: 173
• 122: 177
• 124: 184
• Immunity of Merchantmen at the Outbreak of War on their: 188
• 128: 191
• 130: 193
• Destruction of Prize: 194
• 133: 197
• Goods sold to Neutrais in transitie: 200
• Moveable Private Property in the World: 201
• 74: 202
• Treatment of the Dead: 206
• Requisitions and Contributions: 207
• 76: 212
• Destruction in Marching Reconnoitring and Conducting Trans: 213
• Espionage and War Treason SECT PAOE 159 Twofold Character of Espionage and War Treason: 222
• Espionage in contradistinction to Scouting and Despatch 161 Punishment of Espionage 223: 223
• War Treason: 226
• 79: 227
• Stratagems in contradistinction to Perfidy: 229
• Occupation of Enemy Territory 166 Occupation as an Aim of Warfare: 230
• Occupation when effected: 233
• Occupation when ended: 236
• Rights of the Occupant regarding the Inhabitants: 238
• 386: 241
• Position of Government Officials and Municipal Functionaries during Occupation: 242
• Position of Courts of Justice during Occupation: 243
• Rules of Warfare independent of Causes of: 246
• Lawful and Unlawful Practices of Sea Warfare: 247
• 176: 248
• Declaration of Paris: 250
• The Principle of Appropriation of Private Enemy Vessels and Enemy Goods thereon: 251
• Codification of Law of Sea Warfare: 254
• Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels: 255
• Importance of Attack and Seizure of Enemy Vessels: 256
• Attack how effected: 258
• 182a Submarine Contact Mines: 259
• Duty of giving Quarter: 261
• Effect of Seizure: 262
• Immunity of Vessels charged with Religious Scientific or Philanthropic Mission: 263
• Origin of Geneva Convention: 282
• Neutrality not practised in Ancient Times: 285
• Neutrality during the Middle Ages: 286
• Neutrality during the Soventeenth Century: 287
• Progress of Neutrality during the Eighteenth Century: 288
• First Armed Neutrality: 289
• The French Revolution and the Second Armed Neutrality: 290
• Neutrality during the Nineteenth Century: 291
• Neutrality in the Twentieth Century II Characteristics of Neutrality: 292
• Conception of Neutrality: 293
• Neutrality an Attitude of Impartiality: 294
• Neutrality an Attitude creating Rights and Duties: 295
• Neutrality an Attitude of States: 296
• No Cossation of Intercourse during Neutrality between Neutrals and Belligerents: 297
• Noutrality an Attitude during War Neutrality in Civil War: 298
• AIR WARFARE: 299
• Perpetual Neutrality: 300
• General and Partial Neutrality: 301
• Voluntary and Conventional Neutrality: 302
• CHAPTER II: 303
• Benevolent Neutrality: 304
• Licences to Trade: 305
• Some Historical Examples of Qualified Neutrality: 306
• Neutrality commences with Knowledge of the: 307
• Commencement of Neutrality in Civil: 308
• Establishment of Neutrality by Declarations: 309
• Municipal Neutrality Laws: 310
• Abuse of Flag of Truce: 311
• Competence to conclude Capitulations: 317
• Partial Armistices: 323
• ВЕСт: 325
• Legitimate and Illegitimate Warfare: 331
• Punishment of War Crimes: 341
• Supply on the part of Neutrals: 349
• Supply on the part of Subjects of Neutrals: 350
• Loans and Subsidies on the part of Neutrals: 351
• Loans and Subsidies on the part of Subjects of Neutrals 480 481 484 485: 352
• Pilotage: 353
• Transport on the part of Neutrals: 354
• Transport on the part of Neutral Merchantmen and by Private Neutral Rolling Stock: 355
• Commencement of War in general: 356
• Violation of Neutrality in the Narrower and in the Wider Sense of the Term: 357
• Violation in contradistinction to End of Neutrality: 358
• Consequences of Violations of Neutrality: 359
• Neutrals not to acquiesco in Violations of Neutrality com mitted by a Belligerent: 360
• Cases of The General Armstrong and The Dresden: 361
• Mode of exacting Reparation from Belligerents for Violations: 362
• Preliminaries of Peace: 363
• Release of Prisoners of War: 370
• Justification of Blockade: 374
• Validity of Legitimate Acts: 376
• Neutrality: 383
• Declaration of: 393
• Carriage of Contraband Penal by the Municipal Law of Belli: 398
• Requisitions and Contributions upon Coast Towns: 400
• Negligence on the part of Neutrals: 402
• End of Neutrality: 417
• Marauding: 420
• Contents of Duty of Impartiality: 422
• the World War: 423
• Contents of Duty not to suppress Intercourse between Neutrals and the Enemy: 424
• Neutrals and Military Operations: 428
• Hostilities by and against Neutrals: 429
• Furnishing Troops and MenofWar to Belligerents: 432
• Subjects of Neutrals fighting among Belligerent Forces: 433
• Passage of Troops and War Material through Neutral Territory: 434
• Passage of Wounded through Neutral Territory: 436
• Passage of MenofWar: 437
• Occupation of Neutral Territory by Belligerents: 438
• Prize Courts on Neutral Territory: 439
• Belligerents Prizes in Neutral Ports: 440
• 328a The Case of The Appam: 441
• Neutrals and Military Preparations: 442
• Depots and Factories on Neutral Territory: 443
• Passage of Bodies of Men intending to Enlist: 444
• Organisation of Hostile Expeditions: 445
• Building and Fittingout of Vessels intended for Naval Opera tions: 451
• The Alabama Case and the Three Rules of Washington: 453
• Neutral Asylum to Land Forces War Material and Airmen 336 On Neutral Asylum in general: 456
• Neutral Territory and Prisoners of War: 457
• Fugitive Soldiers and Deserters on Neutral Territory: 459
• Neutral Territory and Fugitive Troops: 460
• Neutral Territory and nonCombatant Members of Belligerent Forces: 462
• 34la Neutral Territory and Belligerent Airmen: 463
• Asylum to Naval Forces in contradistinction to Asylum to Land Forces: 464
• Neutral Asylum to Naval Forces optional: 465
• Asylum to Naval Forces in Distress: 466
• Exterritoriality of MenofWar during Asylum: 467
• Facilities to MenofWar during Asylum: 469
• Former Practice of taking Hostages: 481
• Right of Angary: 503
• The Original Right of Angary 365 The Modern Right of Angary: 505
• Right of Angary concerning Neutral Rolling Stock 367 Right of Angary not deriving from Noutrality 503: 506
• 509: 509
• CHAPTER III: 511
• Blockade Strategic and Commercial 370 Blockade to be Universal: 514
• Compensation: 523
• When Ingress is not considered Breach of Blockade: 530
• CHAPTER IV: 545
• Compensation for Violations of the Hague Regulations: 546
• Absolute and Conditional Contraband and Free Articles: 552
• Direct Carriage of Contraband: 564
• Circuitous Carriage of Contraband: 566
• Indirect Carriage of Contraband Doctrine of Continuous Transports: 568
• The Case of The Bundesrath: 570
• Continental Support to the Doctrine of Continuous Transports: 571
• 403a The Declaration of London concerning the Doctrine of Contin uous Voyages and the Practice during the World War: 573
• 404: 576
• 405: 578
• 406: 581
• 406a Seizure of Contraband without Seizure of the Vessel: 583
• CHAPTER V: 585
• 408: 587
• 409: 592
• 410: 593
• Unneutral Service creating Enemy Character: 594
• Consequences of Unneutral Service 411 Capture for Unneutral Service: 596
• 412: 597
• 413: 599
• 413a Seizure of Enemy Reservists during the World War: 601
• 414: 604
• 415: 605
• 417: 606
• No Universal Rules regarding Mode of Visitation: 609
• CHAPTER II: 634
• Blockade Outwards and Inwards 372 What Places can be Blockaded 511: 638
• Conduct in general of Neutrals and Belligerents 314 What Rights and Duties of Neutrals and of Belligerents there are 419 419: 646
• 515: 647
• Uncertainty of Rules concerning Interference with Submarine: 648
• Hostile Destination essential to Contraband: 649
• Medical Units and Establishments and Material: 656
• Ultimatum 96 Initiative hostile Acts of War 136 138 140 141: 663
• Contraband Vessels: 666

熱門章節

第 24 頁 - Disputes as to the interpretation of a treaty, as to any question of international law, as to the existence of any fact which if established would constitute a breach of any international obligation, or as to the extent and nature of the reparation to be made for any such breach, are declared to be among those which are generally suitable for submission to arbitration or judicial settlement.

第 38 頁 - If a State so invited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership in the League for the purposes of such dispute, and shall resort to war against a Member of the League, the provisions of Article 16 shall be applicable as against the State taking such action.

第 454 頁 - First, to use due diligence to prevent the fitting out, arming, or equipping, within its jurisdiction, of any vessel which it has reasonable ground to believe is intended to cruise or to carry on war against a power with which it is at peace...

第 37 頁 - Assembly, if concurred in by the Representatives of those Members of the League represented on the Council and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive in each case of the Representatives of the parties to the dispute...

第 106 頁 - To conduct their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war. In countries where militia or volunteer corps constitute the army, or form part of it, they are included under the denomination "army.

第 92 頁 - The right of belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited.

第 343 頁 - A belligerent is forbidden to force the inhabitants of territory occupied by it to furnish information about the army of the other belligerent or about its means of defence.

第 344 頁 - Convention for the adaptation to maritime warfare of the principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864.

第 591 頁 - If, to the knowledge of either the owner, the charterer, or the master, she is transporting a military detachment of the enemy, or one or more persons who, in the course of the voyage, directly assist the operations of the enemy.

第 561 頁 - Articles intended for the use of the vessel in which they are found, as well as those intended for the use of her crew and passengers during the voyage.

書目資訊

• 書名: International Law: A Treatise, 第 2 卷; International Law: A Treatise, Lassa Oppenheim
• 作者: Lassa Oppenheim
• 編者: Sir Ronald Roxburgh
• 版本: 3
• 出版者: Longmans, Green and Company, 1921
• 來源：: 加州大學
• 已數位化: 2007年9月27日