Kant, Herder, and the Birth of AnthropologyIf Kant had never made the "critical turn" of 1773, would he be worth more than a paragraph in the history of philosophy? Most scholars think not. But in this pioneering book, John H. Zammito challenges that view by revealing a precritical Kant who was immensely more influential than the one philosophers think they know. Zammito also reveals Kant's former student and latter-day rival, Johann Herder, to be a much more philosophically interesting thinker than is usually assumed and, in many important respects, historically as influential as Kant. Relying on previously unexamined sources, Zammito traces Kant's friendship with Herder as well as the personal tensions that destroyed their relationship. From this he shows how two very different philosophers emerged from the same beginnings and how, because of Herder's reformulation of Kant, anthropology was born out of philosophy. Shedding light on an overlooked period of philosophical development, this book is a major contribution to the history of philosophy and the social sciences, and especially to the history of anthropology. |
Contents
Philosophy | 15 |
CHAPTER TWO Kant and the LeibnizWolff School to 17621763 | 43 |
The Gallant | 83 |
Herders | 137 |
CHAPTER SEVEN Kants Critical Turn and Its Relation to | 255 |
CHAPTER EIGHT Enough Speculating Lets Get Our Facts | 309 |
CONCLUSION | 347 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY 495 | 413 |
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Abbt academic aesthetics Albrecht von Haller anthropology argued argument Aufklärung Baumgarten Bemerkungen Berlin Bödeker Brandt Buffon Christian Garve Christian Wolff cited claim cognition concept context course critical philosophy Critique crucial Crusius cultural David Hume developed Diderot discourse Dreams eighteenth century emergence empirical psychology empiricism epigenesis Ernst Platner ethical experience faculty Feder German Geschichte Göttingen Haller Hamann Henrich Herder Hinske human Hume Hume's Ibid idea Immanuel Kant important Inaugural Dissertation inquiry insight intellectual Jahrhundert Johann Johann Gottfried Herder judgment Kant-Studien Kant's Kantian knowledge Königsberg Kreimendahl Kuehn Lambert lectures Leibniz letter literature Marcus Herz matter Mendelssohn metaphysics Metaphysik moral Moses Mendelssohn natural history Observations physical influx Platner popular philosophy possible pragmatic principles problem Pure Reason question Reflexion rigorous Rousseau Schmucker Scottish Enlightenment sense skepticism social soul Spirit-Seer student suggests theory thinking Thomas Abbt thought Tonelli transcendental understanding University Press Vorländer Wolff Wolffian writes