Manual of Political Science ...1855 - 239 pages |
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Adam Smith advantages agricultural amount ancient annuities average Bank of England become benefit calculated capital causes circulation civilized classes coins commerce commodities competition consequence considerable consumers convenience corn laws course demand derived dities division of labour duties effect emigration England enjoyment eventually exchange existence expenditure extent fact foreign French wine fund gold human illustrate important increase indirect taxes individual induced industry instance invested land less limited loan machinery manual labour manufactures ment mercantile monopoly National Debt natural necessary operation ordinary original paid paper payment Peninsular war persons political economists Poor Law population portion possession present primogeniture principle produce profit proportion proportionately proprietor purchase question rate of interest receive reduced regarded remuneration render rent restrictions result revenue shillings society species supply supply and demand supposed taxation tendency tion trade transfer wages wants wealth whole
Popular passages
Page 230 - Our rulers will best promote the improvement of the nation by strictly confining themselves to their own legitimate duties, by leaving capital to find its most lucrative course, commodities their fair price, industry and intelligence their natural reward, idleness and folly their natural punishment, by maintaining peace, by defending property, by diminishing the price of law, and by observing strict economy in every department of the state. Let the Government do this : the People will assuredly do...
Page 230 - It is not by the intermeddling of Mr. Southey's idol, the omniscient and omnipotent State, but by the prudence and energy of the people, that England has hitherto been carried forward in civilisation ; and it is to the same prudence and the same energy that we now look with comfort and good hope.
Page 117 - That the Population of the World, or in other words, the number of persons inhabiting it, is only limited by moral or physical evil, or by the fear of a deficiency of those articles of Wealth which the habit of the individuals of each class of its inhabitants lead them to require.
Page xx - HISTORY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY IN THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S COLLEGE AT HAILEYBURY, HONORARY MEMBER OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, ETC.
Page xxiv - the physical welfare of man, so far as it can be the work of government, as the object of Political Economy." "Political Economy," says M. Say, "is the economy of society; a Science combining the results of our observations on the nature and functions of the different parts of the social body.
Page 36 - ... capital. The primary instruments of production were labour, and those productive agents which are spontaneously afforded by nature. The first dwellers on the earth had only rent and wages. The savage who, instead of devouring the animals which he had entrapped, reserved them to become the origin of a domesticated flock, and he who reserved, to be employed as seed, some of the grains which he had gathered, laid the foundation of capital.
Page 149 - ... population. But we may properly add the ever-increasing difficulty of new settlements abroad ; after that the most accessible and best portions of territory had been occupied. It is no great recommendation of a scheme, that the longer it is prosecuted, it is always becoming more impracticable ; insomuch, that every successive year must witness another augmentation both to the cost and the labour of it. Neither can we admire, as a sound or lasting expedient, for keeping right the overflowing population...
Page 149 - ... affirm, that for an emigration, sufficient to allow an unchecked multiplication of our species in the British islands, there behoved to be at least half a million of human beings transported annually from our shores. The expense of so mighty a transportation, and the magnitude of that immense flotilla, which would need to be upheld for the business of these annual shipments...
Page 96 - ... paying three shillings indirectly, Many, accordingly, would throw difficulties in the way of the collector, and some would even resist the law. There is only one means of removing this obstacle to direct taxation — better industrial teaching to enlighten the ignorant. "Many, we fear, would not have the two shillings wherewith to pay the collector. If it be asked how this could possibly happen, seeing that...
Page xvi - In 1777 he was appointed Reader of Oriental Literature and in 1785 Demonstrator of Botany in the University of Upsala, and he made his first appearance as an author by the publication of a short supplement to the Flora Suecica of his master, in the Transactions of the Academy of Stockholm for 1787. In the years 1792 and 1794, he made botanical expeditions to Guinea and Sierra Leone, and a considerable part of the collections which he formed in those countries passed subsequently into...