Molecular NanomagnetsNanomagnetism is a rapidly expanding area of research which appears to be able to provide novel applications. Magnetic molecules are at the very bottom of the possible size of nanomagnets and they provide a unique opportunity to observe the coexistence of classical and quantum properties. The discovery in the early 90's that a cluster comprising twelve manganese ions shows hysteresis of molecular origin, and later proved evidence of quantum effects, opened a new research area which is still flourishing through the collaboration of chemists and physicists. This book is the first attempt to cover in detail the new area of molecular nanomagnetism, for which no other book is available. In fact research and review articles, and book chapters are the only tools available for newcomers and the experts in the field. It is written by the chemists originators and by a theorist who has been one of the protagonists of the development of the field, and is explicitly addressed to an audience of chemists and physicists, aiming to use a language suitable for the two communities. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 14 | |
3 Observation of microscopic magnetism | 49 |
4 Singlemolecule magnets | 108 |
5 Thermally activated magnetic relaxation | 160 |
6 Magnetic tunnelling of an isolated spin | 182 |
7 Introduction to path integrals | 209 |
8 Tunnelling in a timedependent magnetic field at low temperature | 216 |
A Systems of units physical constants and basic mathematical tools | 319 |
B The magnetic field | 324 |
C How irreversibility comes in | 327 |
D Basic properties of the master equation | 329 |
E Derivation of the Arrhenius law | 331 |
F Phonons and how to use them | 333 |
G Highorder perturbation theory | 340 |
H Proof of the LandauZenerStückelberg formula | 343 |
9 Interaction of a spin with the external world at low temperature | 225 |
10 Tunnelling between excited states | 248 |
11 Coherence and decoherence | 258 |
12 Disorder and magnetic tunnelling | 269 |
13 More experiments on singlemolecule magnets | 276 |
14 Other Magnetic Molecules | 287 |
15 Emerging trends in molecular nanomagnetism | 306 |
I Tunnelling between hyperfine states | 346 |
J Specific heat | 349 |
K Master equation for the density matrix | 352 |
| 363 | |
| 389 | |
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Common terms and phrases
according applied approach approximation assumed atoms axis behaviour bridging calculated called centres Chapter cluster component compound condition considered constant contribution coordination corresponds coupling crossing crystal defined density dependence derivatives described discussed easy effect electron elements energy equation et al example exchange excited experiment experimental expression external fact factor formula frequency function give given ground groups Hamiltonian hyperfine important increase instance interaction interesting introduced ions larger levels ligand low temperature lowest magnetic field manganese(III matrix measured metal ions molecular molecules nuclear spins observed obtained operators orbitals parallel parameters phonons positive possible present probability properties quantum quantum mechanics relaxation replaced reported requires resonance respectively ring sample seen shown in Fig single SMMs specific heat splitting structure symmetry techniques term theory transition tunnelling unit vanishes vector zero