Molecular SystematicsDavid M. Hillis, Craig Moritz, Barbara K. Mable Molecular systematic methods have been applied in most fields of biology to provide an evolutionary framework whenever comparisons are made among individuals, populations, or higher taxa. The first edition of Molecular Systematics became a standard reference for this vigorous field by describing each aspect of the planning, execution, and analysis of a molecular systematic study. The Second Edition updates and expands this coverage, and includes considerable information on new molecular techniques and methods of analysis. Molecular Systematics includes chapters on sampling design, the collection and storage of tissues, each of the major molecular techniques, and intraspecific and phylogenetic analysis. The sampling chapters describe how to plan a study and how to collect, transport, and store the appropriate tissues for each study. The techniques chapters cover principles, assumptions, applications, limitations, and protocols for isozyme electrophoresis, molecular cytogenetics, DNA hybridization, the polymerase chain reaction, restriction site and fragment analysis, and nucleic acid sequencing and alignment. Advantages and disadvantages of alternative approaches are discussed for each technique, and recent developments (such as new methods of fluorescent in situ hybridization, rapid screening methods for detecting DNA sequence variation, automated sequencing methods, new approaches for PCR, and microsatellite analyses) are detailed. Three additional chapters cover the rationale and methodology of molecular data analysis at both the population and interspecific levels, and provide information on using and obtaining the relevant computer programs (including the many programs available for free across the Internet). The chapter on phylogenetic analysis has been considerably expanded to include the latest developments in maximum likelihood analysis, spectral analysis, methods for reconstructing reticulating networks, corrections for compl |
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0.2 M Tris-HCl acetate agar overlay agarose allele frequencies allozyme amino acid amplification analysis Avise bands bridization buffer cells Centrifuge Chapter characters chromosomes cloning collections coverslip cpDNA dehydrogenase denaturation detect digestion Dimer distance divergence DNA hybridization DNA sequences EDTA electrophoresis enzyme estimate ethanol evolution evolutionary Figure filter fragments freezer g/liter gel slice gene genetic genome genotypic Harris and Hopkinson heterozygotes Hillis homologous homoplasy Hopkinson 1976 hybridization Incubate inferred intron isozymes labeled likelihood liquid nitrogen loci locus markers matrix methods mg/ml NBT mg/ml PMS microsatellite ml 1 ml molecular systematics mtDNA nick translation node nuclear nucleotide optimal parsimony patterns phylogenetic phylogeny plastic polymerase polymorphic populations preparations primers probes problems proteins Protocol quences reaction regions sample slides species specimens stain was modified starch stock solution structure studies taxa techniques temperature template tion tissue tree tube variation