Oil and Related Toxicant Effects on Waterfowl Immune Defenses |
Common terms and phrases
28 days Aliquots altered analysis animals antibody mediated immunity Appendix aromatic hydrocarbons assay avian cholera BCFO/C birds body weight Bunker C fuel caused cell mediated immunity cells challenge chemical chronic compared concentrations conducted contaminated Corexit cycloparaffins daily deaths decrease defenses determine died diluted dispersants distilled doses ducklings Effects of toxicants Environ Experimental experiments final body fuel oil function gram immunosuppressive impaired indices infection inoculated isolate kidney known levels liquid liver Louisiana crude oil maintained mallard ducks mallards ingesting mallards receiving marine Mean Mean log measured ml/kg BCFO daily ml/kg SLCO daily multocida noted observed occured oil ingestion oil/Corexit mixtures Organ weight Percent mortality persist petroleum plasma prepared reduced reported resistance response resulting significant significantly SLCO SLCO/C South Louisiana crude spills spleen suggested suspension Table teflon tissues treated groups treated mallards treatment various waterfowl