One Language, Two Scripts: The Hindi Movement in Nineteenth Century North IndiaThe Hindi movement in 19th century North India aims to provide an example of the relationships between language, religion and nationalism, and several scholars have dealt with various aspects of these relationships. This study examines not only the political, but also the social and cultural aspects of the Hindi movement, particularly on the local and provincial levels. Mor eover, it is based on extensive use of both Hindi and English sources, including a thorough research of official rcords such as education reports, publication statistics and the like. Finally, it stresses the importance of voluntary language associations which both reflected and intensified the Hindi movement. |
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Agra Allahabad Ann Rpt assimilation Avadhi Banaras Bengal Bihar Board of Revenue Brahmans Braj Bhasha British language policy Calcutta Central Provinces College Court Character Devanagari dialects differentiation district Educ Comm Rpt elite English favour Government of India government service Hindī Hindi and Nagari Hindi and Urdu Hindi language Hindi literature Hindi movement Hindi Sahitya Hindi schools Hindi supporters Hindi-Nagari movement Hindi-Urdu controversy Hindus and Muslims Hindustani Ibid included Kaithi script Kayasths Khari Boli Hindi language and script Lieutenant-Governor literary Lucknow MacDonnell major Malaviya Muhammadan multi-symbol congruence Muslims Nagari Pracharini Sabha Nagari script nineteenth century north India North-Western Provinces NWP Educ Rpt NWP&O NWP&O SVN official language Oudh Persian script Persianized Urdu poetry political Prasad Primary Education prose Provinces and Oudh Punjab regional standards Report Sanskrit Saugor and Nerbudda section of Chapter social style symbol United Provinces Urdū Urdu and Hindi Urdu script Uttar Pradesh vernacular writing