Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce AD 300-900For fifty years debate has raged about early European commerce during the period between antiquity and the middle ages. Was there trade? If so, in what - and with whom? New evidence and new ways of looking at old evidence are now breaking the stalemate. Analysis of communications - the movements of people, ideas and things - is transforming our vision of Europe and the Mediterranean in the age of Charlemagne and Harun al Rashid. This is the first comprehensive analysis of the economic transition during this period for over sixty years. Using new materials and new methodology, it will attract all social and economic historians of antiquity and the middle ages, and anyone concerned with the origins of Europe, the history of the slave trade, medicine and disease, cross-cultural contacts, and the Muslim and Byzantine worlds. |
Contents
XIV | 31 |
XVI | 32 |
XVII | 34 |
XVIII | 42 |
XIX | 2 |
XXI | 51 |
XXII | 62 |
XXIV | 65 |
CII | 431 |
CIII | 442 |
CV | 443 |
CVI | 448 |
CVII | 450 |
CVIII | 452 |
CIX | 456 |
CX | 460 |
XXV | 75 |
XXVI | 81 |
XXVII | 85 |
XXVIII | 90 |
XXIX | 96 |
XXX | 101 |
XXXI | 113 |
XXXII | 121 |
XXXIII | 127 |
XXXV | 136 |
XXXVI | 145 |
XXXVII | 149 |
XXXIX | 151 |
XL | 156 |
XLI | 166 |
XLII | 172 |
XLIV | 173 |
XLV | 179 |
XLVI | 195 |
XLVII | 209 |
XLIX | 210 |
L | 211 |
LI | 222 |
LII | 225 |
LIII | 235 |
LIV | 242 |
LV | 252 |
LVI | 259 |
LVII | 265 |
LVIII | 268 |
LIX | 279 |
LX | 281 |
LXII | 288 |
LXIII | 290 |
LXIV | 306 |
LXV | 308 |
LXVI | 310 |
LXVII | 317 |
LXIX | 321 |
LXX | 324 |
LXXI | 328 |
LXXII | 333 |
LXXIII | 335 |
LXXIV | 341 |
LXXVI | 342 |
LXXVII | 343 |
LXXVIII | 349 |
LXXIX | 352 |
LXXX | 355 |
LXXXI | 359 |
LXXXII | 367 |
LXXXIII | 383 |
LXXXIV | 389 |
LXXXV | 391 |
LXXXVII | 392 |
LXXXVIII | 400 |
LXXXIX | 401 |
XC | 402 |
XCI | 409 |
XCII | 413 |
XCIII | 416 |
XCV | 420 |
XCVI | 423 |
XCVII | 424 |
XCVIII | 426 |
XCIX | 429 |
CI | 430 |
CXI | 462 |
CXII | 467 |
CXIII | 468 |
CXIV | 472 |
CXV | 474 |
CXVI | 479 |
CXVII | 481 |
CXIX | 486 |
CXX | 489 |
CXXI | 499 |
CXXIII | 500 |
CXXIV | 506 |
CXXV | 509 |
CXXVI | 513 |
CXXVII | 521 |
CXXX | 529 |
CXXXI | 535 |
CXXXII | 546 |
CXXXIII | 547 |
CXXXIV | 551 |
CXXXV | 555 |
CXXXVI | 560 |
CXXXVII | 563 |
CXXXVIII | 569 |
CXXXIX | 571 |
CXLI | 578 |
CXLII | 580 |
CXLIII | 602 |
CXLIV | 604 |
CXLV | 612 |
CXLVII | 616 |
CXLVIII | 628 |
CXLIX | 637 |
CLI | 638 |
CLII | 642 |
CLIII | 645 |
CLIV | 651 |
CLV | 654 |
CLVI | 661 |
CLVII | 668 |
CLIX | 672 |
CLX | 676 |
CLXI | 679 |
CLXII | 686 |
CLXIII | 694 |
CLXV | 696 |
CLXVI | 702 |
CLXVII | 706 |
CLXVIII | 714 |
CLXIX | 717 |
CLXX | 727 |
CLXXII | 731 |
CLXXIII | 732 |
CLXXIV | 736 |
CLXXV | 739 |
CLXXVI | 750 |
CLXXVII | 757 |
CLXXVIII | 776 |
CLXXIX | 797 |
CLXXXI | 809 |
CLXXXIII | 813 |
CLXXXV | 850 |
CLXXXVIII | 971 |
CLXXXIX | 989 |
| 1046 | |
Common terms and phrases
Adriatic Africa al Andalus Alps Amalarius Amari ambassadors amphoras Anastasius Anastasius Bibliothecarius Anons Arab Arab coins bishop Byzantine coins Byzantine empire Byzantium Caliphate Carolingian Charlemagne ChLA Christian church commerce communications Constantine Constantine VII Constantinople Danube dinars dirhams documents Dorestad early medieval east eastern economic Egypt eighth century Elias embassy emperor empire envoys Europe evidence export fleet Frankish Frankish empire Gaul gold Greek Gregory Hadrian hoard ibid imperial Italian Italy Jerusalem late antiquity late Roman letter Liber pont Lombard Louis the Pious mancosi McCormick Mediterranean merchants Merovingian Methodius monk movements Muslim ninth century northern overland papal patterns percent Photius pilgrims pope port probably raid Ravenna regions regni Franc relics Rhine river Rome route sailed Sardinia sent seventh century ships Sicily silver slaves Slavs solidus sources Spain tion trade transport travelers trip Venetian Venice western