Political EconomyGriffin, 1872 |
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Adam Smith advance advantage afford agricultural amount annual appears articles of wealth average capital capitalist causes cent circulating capital commodities consequence consider consumed consumption corn cost of production cotton cultivation depends diminished division of labour Economists effect employment England equal evil exchange exertion existing expense fact families fertile France fund given quantity greater hundred hundred quarters improvement increase inhabitants instruments instruments of production Ireland labour and abstinence labour employed land landlord less limited in supply machinery maintenance of labour manufactures materials means ment natural agent necessary number of labourers number of persons obtained occasion paid partly perhaps period Political Economy population portion principal productiveness of labour proportion proposition purchase quarters rate of profit rate of wages raw produce receives remuneration rent revenue Ricardo rise subsistence sumer supposed tendency term things thousand tion tithes trade twenty unproductive wages and profits whole words
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Стр. 217 - One man draws out the wire; another straights it; a third cuts it; a fourth points it; a fifth grinds it at the top for receiving the head...
Стр. 73 - Men are much more likely to discover easier and readier methods of attaining any object when the whole attention of their minds is directed towards that single object than when it is dissipated among a great variety of things. But in consequence of the division of labour...
Стр. 220 - After all that has been said of the levity and inconstancy of human nature, it appears evidently from experience that a man is of all sorts of luggage the most difficult to be transported.
Стр. 45 - We will suppose the means of subsistence in any country just equal to the easy support of its inhabitants. The constant effort towards population, which is found to act even in the most vicious societies, increases the number of people before the means of subsistence are increased.
Стр. 140 - The whole of the advantages and disadvantages of the different employments of labour and stock must, in the same neighbourhood, be either perfectly equal or continually tending to equality. If, in the same neighbourhood, there was any employment evidently either more or less advantageous than the rest, so many people would crowd into it...
Стр. 45 - ... there are few states in which there is not a constant effort in the population to increase beyond the means of subsistence. This constant effort as constantly tends to subject the lower classes of society to distress, and to prevent any great permanent melioration of their condition.
Стр. 116 - But land, in almost any situation» produces a greater quantity of food than what is sufficient to maintain all the labour necessary for bringing it to market, in the most liberal way in which that labour is ever maintained. The surplus, too, is always more than sufficient to replace the stock which employed that labour, together with its profits. Something, therefore, always remains for a rent to the landlord.
Стр. 63 - They are a sort of instruments of trade, and may be considered in the same light: Thirdly, of the improvements of land, of what has been profitably laid out in clearing, draining, enclosing, manuring, and reducing it into the condition most proper for tillage and culture.
Стр. 82 - That, agricultural skill remaining the same, additional Labour employed on the land within a given district produces in general a less proportionate return, or, in other words, that though, with every increase of the labour...
Стр. 59 - ... of all the means by which man can be raised in the scale of being, abstinence, as it is perhaps the most effective, is the slowest in its increase, and the least generally diffused.