Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, Volume 1National Council of Teachers of Mathematics National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2000 - 402 halaman Principles and Standards for School Mathematics is intended to be a resource and guide for all who make decisions that affect the mathematics education of students in prekindergarten through grade 12. The recommendations in it are grounded in the belief that all students should learn important mathematical concepts and processes with understanding. Principles and Standards makes an argument for the importance of such understanding and describes ways students can attain it. Its audience includes mathematics teachers; teacher-leaders in schools and districts; developers of instructional materials and frameworks; district-level curriculum directors and professional development leaders; those responsible for educating mathematics teachers; preservice teachers; school, state, and provincial administrators; and policymakers. In addition the document can serve as a resource for researchers, mathematicians, and others with an interest in school mathematics. Principles and Standards has been produced by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), an international professional organization committed to excellence in mathematics teaching and learning for all students. -- |
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12 should enable algebra analyze answer appropriate assessment box plots calculator classroom communication computational fluency compute conjectures connecting mathematical connections contexts coordinate geometry counting cubes curriculum decimals dents describe discrete mathematics discussion enable all students equations example experiences explore express mathematical figure focus formulas fractions functions geoboard geometric grade 12 grade band Grades Instructional programs graph help students inductive reasoning investigate knowledge length linear mathe mathematical concepts mathematical ideas mathematics education matics measurement methods middle grades middle-grades students multiplication number systems objects opportunities parallelograms pattern blocks patterns pentominoes prekindergarten through grade Principles and Standards problem solving programs from prekindergarten properties questions recognize rectangle relationships represent representations sample scatterplots school mathematics shapes situations solution solve problems square STANDARD for Grades strategies Students in grades students need students should learn subtraction symbols teaching three-dimensional tions triangle understanding units visual whole numbers