Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations HistoryIn the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provides the authoritative and comprehensive history of the whole process from the earliest warning signs to the present. It is an invaluable record for all those involved and a necessary reference for future negotiations to a wide range of scholars, students and professionals. |
Contents
The science of ozone depletion From theory to certainty | 1 |
Diplomacy The beginning 19741987 | 42 |
Diplomacy From strength to strength 19881992 | 95 |
Diplomacy Racing towards success 19932001 | 145 |
Technology and business policy | 187 |
Implementation of the Montreal Protocol | 234 |
Compliance with the Montreal Protocol | 274 |
Media coverage of the ozonelayer issue | 290 |
Control measures of the Montreal Protocol | 410 |
Indicative list of categories of incremental costs Annex VIII of the fourth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol 1992 | 414 |
Awards for ozonelayer protection Nobel Prize United Nations and others | 416 |
Assessment Panels of the Montreal Protocol | 438 |
Core readings on the history of ozonelayer protection | 443 |
Selected ozone websites | 447 |
Notes | 450 |
List of acronyms and abbreviations | 471 |
Environmental NGOs the ozone layer and the Montreal Protocol | 323 |
Conclusion A perspective and a caution | 345 |
Ozone layer timelines 4500 million years ago to present | 369 |
World Plan of Action April 1977 | 402 |
Controlled substances under the Montreal Protocol | 407 |
Other editions - View all
Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History Stephen O. Andersen,K. Madhava Sarma Limited preview - 2002 |
Protecting the Ozone Layer: The United Nations History Stephen O. Andersen,K.Madhava Sarma Limited preview - 2012 |
Common terms and phrases
action aerosol products agreement air conditioning alternatives Amendment Annex Antarctic ozone hole Article 5 Parties atmosphere Award Canada carbon tetrachloride cent reduction CFCs chemicals chlorine chlorofluorocarbons Climate Change companies conference control measures controlled substances cooperation costs developing countries DuPont effects emissions environmental NGOs European Executive Committee experts financial mechanism Fluorocarbon foam Global Environment Facility governments Greenpeace halons HCFCs HFCs Implementation Committee increase industry issue Japan June manufacturers Mario Molina meeting methyl bromide methyl chloroform Montreal Protocol Multilateral Fund negotiations NGOs non-Article 5 Parties non-compliance non-Parties ODSs organizations ozone depletion ozone hole Ozone Layer Protection Ozone Protection Ozone Secretariat ozone-depleting substances phase-out potential production and consumption Programme proposed protect the ozone radiation recycling refrigeration Science Scientific Assessment Panel scientists solvents stratospheric ozone substitutes Sweden TEAP technical Tolba tonnes trade UNEP United Nations UV-B Vienna Convention World