Regulation for revenue: the political economy of land use exactionsOver the past two decades Americans have become increasingly skeptical about the benefits of community growth and hostile to new taxes--while continuing to demand improvements in local services. One response to this tension has been a burgeoning movement to raise public revenue by regulating growth.In this timely book, the authors explain that most growing localities now require private developers to finance public improvements as a condition for receiving permits to build. These permit conditions, known as "exactions," are most commonly used to ensure that infrastructure capacity will be adequate to serve the occupants of new real estate developments and to lessen the harmful effects of these developments on other local citizens. Exactions are often used to finance new roads, water and waste disposal facilities, and public open space, but some communities have begun to require developer financing for such services as day care, job training, low-cost housing, and ride sharing.The authors see the dramatic growth of exaction financing as an epochal shift in the character of American land use regulation. A function once isolated from the local government mainstream is now close to heart of fiscal and public works decisionmaking. Politicians find exactions an extremely valuable tactic for resolving land use conflict. Lawyers and developers worry about how to establish appropriate limits on the use of exaction, economists debate their equity and efficiency, and planners consider their effect on urban reform.Regulation for Revenue offers an integrated appraisal of exaction financing, showing that exactions come in many forms and that they can be meaningfully evaluated only by comparison with realistic alternatives. These include growth restrictions, tolerance of infrastructure overload, and increased tax and user charges. |
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Contents
Central Issues and Themes | 1 |
Historical Perspective | 8 |
Alternatives to Exactions | 14 |
Copyright | |
4 other sections not shown
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Common terms and phrases
adopted allocated American Planning Association areas average benefits Califomia California capital costs Center chapters communities courts declined density devel developed property Development Impact Fees difficult dollars downtown economic efficiency eflects environmental estimates exaction costs example existing expenditures facilities federal aid figures finance find first Fiscal Federalism fiscal impact five Florida Gerard McMahon Govemment highway households imposed inclusionary zoning income infrastruc infrastructure costs infrastructure demands investment Iohn jurisdictions land development land use regulation landowners Lawrence Susskind less levied linkage localities mandates marginal costs ments Montgomery County neighborhood officials opment owners Planning political population growth profit projects property tax Proposition 13 rational nexus real estate regulatory Regulatory Takings residential development residents road rose San Francisco sewage sewer significant significantly single-family social exaction specific sprawl survey tax revenues traffic typically Urban Urban Land Institute user charges zoning
Bibliographic information
| Title | Regulation for revenue: the political economy of land use exactions |
| Authors | Alan A. Altshuler, José A. Gómez-Ibáñez, Arnold M. Howitt |
| Contributors | José A. Gómez-Ibáñez, Arnold M. Howitt |
| Publisher | Brookings Institution, 1993 |
| Original from | the University of Michigan |
| Digitized | Aug 26, 2011 |
| ISBN | 0815703562, 9780815703563 |
| Length | 175 pages |
| Subjects | › Business & Economics / General Business & Economics / Government & Business Business & Economics / Infrastructure Business & Economics / Public Finance Finance Impact fees Impact fees/ United States Infrastructure (Economics) Infrastructure (Economics)/ Finance Law / Land Use Local finance Local finance/ United States United States |
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