SPSS for StartersThis small book addresses different kinds of datafiles, as commonly encountered in clinical research, and their data-analysis on SPSS Software. Some 15 years ago serious statistical analyses were conducted by specialist statisticians using ma- frame computers. Nowadays, there is ready access to statistical computing using personal computers or laptops, and this practice has changed boundaries between basic statistical methods that can be conveniently carried out on a pocket calculator and more advanced statistical methods that can only be executed on a computer. Clinical researchers currently perform basic statistics without professional help from a statistician, including t-tests and chi-square tests. With help of user-friendly software the step from such basic tests to more complex tests has become smaller, and more easy to take. It is our experience as masters’ and doctorate class teachers of the European College of Pharmaceutical Medicine (EC Socrates Project Lyon France) that s- dents are eager to master adequate command of statistical software for that purpose. However, doing so, albeit easy, still takes 20–50 steps from logging in to the final result, and all of these steps have to be learned in order for the procedures to be successful. |
Contents
| 4 | |
| 6 | |
| 9 | |
Unpaired Continuous Data Unpaired tTests MannWhitney 20 Patients | 12 |
Linear Regression 20 Patients | 15 |
Repeated Measures ANOVA Friedman 10 Patients | 20 |
Mixed Models 20 Patients | 23 |
OneWayANOVA KruskallWallis 30 Patients | 26 |
Trend Tests for Binary Data 106 Patients | 43 |
Paired Binary McNemar Test 139 General Practitioners | 47 |
Multiple Paired Binary Data Cochrans Q Test 139 Patients | 50 |
Cox Regression 60 Patients | 55 |
Cox Regression with Timedependent Variables 60 Patients | 59 |
Validating Qualitative Diagnostic Tests 575 Patients | 62 |
Validating Quantitative Diagnostic Tests 17 Patients | 67 |
Reliability Assessment of Qualitative Diagnostic Tests 17 Patients | 69 |
Trend Test for Continuous Data 30 Patients | 29 |
Unpaired Binary Data ChiSquare Crosstabs 55 Patients | 35 |
Logistic Regression 55 Patients | 38 |
Reliability Assessment of Quantitative Diagnostic Tests 17 Patients | 71 |
Final Remarks | 73 |
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Common terms and phrases
A.H. Zwinderman aDependent variable adjustment Alternative Analysis Analyze ANOVA Applied Assessment Asymp better Binary Data calculated Chapter chi-square test Cleophas and A.H. coefficients columns Command Constant corrected correlation covariate Cox regression curve cutoff define dependent Diagnostic Tests Distributions effect treatment enter equals error example factors falling follow gender given graph hours of sleep incremental independent indicated internal larger LDL-cholesterol linear regression logistic regression mark Mean square F means measures months multiple non-parametric numbers observed outcome p-value paired Patients perform placebo predict Primary scientific question produce repeated responder result samples Science+Business Media B.V. score sensitivity significant difference significant predictor significantly sleeping pill smaller Springer Science+Business Media SPSS for Starters squares df statistics step style treatment t-test T.J. Cleophas table shows treat treatment modality trend true unpaired t-test Validating variable x-axis y-variable