Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution MonitoringJohn Wiley & Sons, 15 lut 1987 - 336 This book discusses a broad range of statistical design and analysis methods that are particularly well suited to pollution data. It explains key statistical techniques in easy-to-comprehend terms and uses practical examples, exercises, and case studies to illustrate procedures. Dr. Gilbert begins by discussing a space-time framework for sampling pollutants. He then shows how to use statistical sample survey methods to estimate average and total amounts of pollutants in the environment, and how to determine the number of field samples and measurements to collect for this purpose. Then a broad range of statistical analysis methods are described and illustrated. These include: * determining the number of samples needed to find hot spots * analyzing pollution data that are lognormally distributed * testing for trends over time or space * estimating the magnitude of trends * comparing pollution data from two or more populations New areas discussed in this sourcebook include statistical techniques for data that are correlated, reported as less than the measurement detection limit, or obtained from field-composited samples. Nonparametric statistical analysis methods are emphasized since parametric procedures are often not appropriate for pollution data. This book also provides an illustrated comprehensive computer code for nonparametric trend detection and estimation analyses as well as nineteen statistical tables to permit easy application of the discussed statistical techniques. In addition, many publications are cited that deal with the design of pollution studies and the statistical analysis of pollution data. This sourcebook will be a useful tool for applied statisticians, ecologists, radioecologists, hydrologists, biologists, environmental engineers, and other professionals who deal with the collection, analysis, and interpretation of pollution in air, water, and soil. |
Spis treści
Introduction | 1 |
Environmental Sampling Design | 17 |
Simple Random Sampling | 26 |
Stratified Random Sampling | 45 |
TwoStage Sampling | 58 |
Compositing and ThreeStage Sampling | 71 |
Systematic Sampling | 89 |
Double Sampling | 106 |
Characterizing Lognormal Populations | 164 |
Estimating the Mean and Variance from Censored Data Sets | 177 |
Outlier Detection and Control Charts | 186 |
Detecting and Estimating Trends | 204 |
Trends and Seasonality | 225 |
Comparing Populations | 241 |
Statistical Tables | 254 |
TREND | 274 |
Locating Hot Spots | 119 |
Quantiles Proportions and Means | 132 |
Skewed Distributions and GoodnessofFit Tests | 152 |
Symbols | 296 |
Index | 315 |
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accurate alternative approach approximate assume average CALCULATE changes Chapter collected composite computed concentrations confidence confidence interval confidence limits contain CONTINUE control charts correlation cost data set defined detection determine discussed effect environmental equal Equation error estimate estimate the mean example Exercise Figure given gives grid Hence homogeneous hot spot hypothesis illustrated larger less limits linear locations lognormal distribution lower measurements median methods month needed normal distribution observations obtained outliers parameters period plot points pollution population units possible present primary units probability procedure proportion quantile rank reject respectively result sample mean seasonal selected shows simple random sampling slope soil space specified station statistical strata stratum subsamples Suppose systematic sampling Table taken target population trend true upper values Var(x variability variance zero
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Informacje bibliograficzne
| Tytuł | Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring |
| Autor | Richard O. Gilbert |
| Wydanie | ilustrowane |
| Wydawca | John Wiley & Sons, 1987 |
| ISBN | 0471288780, 9780471288787 |
| Liczba stron | 336 |
| Eksportuj cytowanie | BiBTeX EndNote RefMan |