Strike Fear in the Land: Pedro de Alvarado and the Conquest of Guatemala, 1520–1541The conquest of Guatemala was brutal, prolonged and complex, fraught with intrigue and deception, and not at all clear-cut. Yet views persist of it as an armed confrontation whose stakes were evident and whose outcomes were decisive, especially in favor of the Spaniards. A critical reappraisal is long overdue, one that calls for us to reconsider events and circumstances in the light of not only new evidence but also keener awareness of indigenous roles in the drama. While acknowledging the prominent role played by Pedro de Alvarado (1485–1541), Strike Fear in the Land reexamines the conquest to give us a greater appreciation of indigenous involvement in it, and sustained opposition to it. Authors W. George Lovell, Christopher H. Lutz, and Wendy Kramer develop a fresh perspective on Alvarado as well as the alliances forged with native groups that facilitated Spanish objectives. The book reveals, for instance, that during the years most crucial to the conquest, Alvarado was absent from Guatemala more often than he was present; he relied on his brother, Jorge de Alvarado, to act in his stead. A pact with the Kaqchikel Maya was also not nearly as solid or long-lived as previously thought, as Alvarado’s erstwhile allies soon turned against the Spaniards, fomenting a prolonged rebellion. Even the story of the K’iche’ leader Tecún Umán, hailed in Guatemala as a national hero who fronted native resistance, undergoes significant revision. Strike Fear in the Land is an arresting saga of personalities and controversies, conveying as never before the turmoil of this pivotal period in Mesoamerican history. |
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allies Almolonga arms arrived Asselbergs August authority battle Belehé Qat believed brother Cahí Ymox called chapter Chimaltenango chronicler considered Contreras Cortés Cuzcatlán Date death Diego encomienda figure forces four Francisco Fuentes y Guzmán Glasgow Library gold governor Guerra Hill Honduras hundred Indians Indigenous Iximché Jorge K’iche K’iche’s Kaqchikel killed king known Kramer land later leaders leave letter Libro Segundo lords Luján Muñoz March Maya meeting Memorial de Sololá Mexican Mexico months native once original Pedro de Alvarado Peru precise words present rebellion received Recinos and Goetz records referred remain rendered resistance Restall Santiago señores sent serve Spain Spaniards Spanish Special Collections Tecún Umán Tenochtitlán thousand took towns translation tribute Tunatiuh Tz’utujils University of Glasgow uprising Utatlán Vázquez Waging Waging war warriors writes