SyntaxParker and Company, 1881 - Greek language |
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Page 148 - X"Plv< 6ínr¡v, which are, so to say, in the transition-state between cases and prepositions, being sometimes used as one, sometimes as the other, will illustrate the mode by which prepositions arose. 2. But, though a relation which was implied in the powers of the original cases might be, and generally was, for the sake of clearness, expressed by a preposition, yet it does not follow that the original power of the cases to express this relation was, either in theory or practice, wholly lost ; so...
Page 148 - ... circumstances of external things ; and as the relations in which these things stand to us in respect of their position were too manifold to be sufficiently defined by the simple powers of the cases, it happened that, as men examined into and comprehended the position of external things, some farther mode of expression became necessary, and cases of certain words, which, from their original meaning, were fitted for the expression of these relations, were so frequently used to express them, that...
Page 18 - Many verbs exist only in the middle voice (Deponent») ; and though we can not discern the exact relation in which the idea of self stands to the active notion of the verb, as the active form is no longer in existence, yet they mostly express notions in which self is very nearly interested ; such as, óéxopai, i/yéo/uu, çdtyuu, fauva/iat, aioeavo/tai, /шдо/uu, &c.
Page 148 - ... the original and most perfect, the case the later and defective form ; thus shutting out from view the real state of the matter, and teaching the student to rest contented with an unphilosophical, pretended explanation, instead of leading him to search out the abstract powers of the cases, which were entirely obscured by thus supplying a preposition whenever they most really came into play. IV. There is a remarkable contrast between the Greek and the modern system of cases.
Page 52 - Obs. 1. — When the antecedents are of different persons, the first person is preferred to the second, and the second to the third ; as, "John, and thou, and I, are attached to our country.
Page 25 - ... as the passive notion of receiving from another became more defined, the form whereby it was already expressed still represented it in most of the tenses ; while for its more accurate definition in past and future time fresh forms were quickly invented, partly from the middle, partly from the active (§. 367).
Page 149 - Ihe thing as a patient, the Greeks used an intransitive verb with the genitive of the thing as an agent, representing the action of the verb as proceeding from it. So, where in German the verb hören, to hear, has an accusative, the Greeks used the genitive. In their view, the object entered the mind rather as the antecedent cause than as the coincident effect ; but in some verbs, either the former principle prevailed altogether, or sometimes ; so that we find particular verbs with an accusative,...
Page 147 - I then were going whithersoever, «fee., so entertain the opinion." (Xen., Anab., i., 3, 6.) PREPOSITIONS. GENERAL REHARES. 1. As language expresses, not only the order of internal thought, bat also the circumstances of external things ; and as the relations in which these things stand to us in respect of their position were too manifold to be sufficiently defined by the simple powers of the cases, it happened that, as men examined into and comprehended the position of external things, some farther...
Page 148 - Hence may be seen the mistake of explaining the construction of cases by the ellipsis of a preposition, making the preposition the original and most perfect, the case the later and defective form ; thus shutting out from view the real state of the...
Page 65 - This notion of continuance arises from the simple notion of the perfect; a completed action implies and is the foundation of a permanent state.