Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations

Richard G. Olson

ABC-CLIO, 21 dic 2009 - 262 pagine

Why did the Greeks excel in geometry, but lag begin the Mesopotamians in arithmetic? How were the great pyramids of Egypt and the Han tombs in China constructed? What did the complex system of canals and dykes in the Tigris and Euphrates river valley have to do with the deforestation of Lebanon's famed cedar forests? This work presents a cross-cultural comparison of the ways in which the ancients learned about and preserved their knowledge of the natural world, and the ways in which they developed technologies that enabled them to adapt to and shape their surroundings. Covering the major ancient civilizations - those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, China, Greece, the Indus Valley, and Meso-America - Olson explores how language and numbering systems influenced the social structure, how seemingly beneficial construction projects affected a civilization's rise or decline, how religion and magic shaped both medicine and agriculture, and how trade and the resulting cultural interactions transformed the making of both everyday household items and items intended as art. Along the way, Olson delves into how scientific knowledge and its technological applications changed the daily lives of the ancients.

Sommario

• 1 On Definitions Approaches and Periodization: 1
• Mathematics and Measurement: 25
• Written Language Educational Institutions and the Character of Natural Knowledge: 59
• 4 From Technologies of Divination to the Science of Astronomy: 83
• 5 Calendars Time Keeping and the Increasing Complexity of Astronomy: 99
• 6 Empirical and Religious Medical Practices: 125
• 7 Philosophical Medicine Cosmology and Natural Philosophy: 145
• Materials Tools and Fixed Structures: 165
• 9 Producing and Processing Food and Clothing: 183
• 10 Minerals Metals Pigments Glazes and the Origins of Alchemy: 209
• Bibliography: 241
• Index: 251
• About the Author: 263

Informazioni sull'autore

RICHARD G. OLSON professor of History and W.W. Keith Fellow in Humanities at Harvey Mudd College adn professor of History at Claremont Graduate School, is the author of Science Deified and Science Define (U. California Press, 1982 vol. 1, 1990 vol. 2). He is also the series editor for Greenwood's Science and Religion series.

Informazioni bibliografiche

• Titolo: Technology and Science in Ancient Civilizations; Praeger Series on the Ancient World
• Curatore: Richard G. Olson
• Edizione: illustrata
• Editore: ABC-CLIO, 2009
• ISBN: 0313065233, 9780313065231
• Lunghezza: 262 pagine