The European Waste Industry and Crime VulnerabilitiesTom Beken The influence of organised crime on business activities, enterprises and economic sectors is a matter of concern for many policy makers across the world. As a profit driven criminal activity, organised crime operates in an environment which is not limited to the underworld economy alone. Assessments of the threat posed by organised crime and strategic (preventive) actions to tackle this phenomenon require an understanding of the vulnerable spots in the legal economy that are or might be exploited by crime. This book is the outcome of a study known under the acronym MAVUS II (Method for and Assessment of Vulnerability of Sectors II) which addresses this issue. The study provides a vulnerability profile of the European waste industry based on a new methodology to scan economic sectors for their vulnerability to (organised) crime. Both vulnerability study and methodological tool are intended as a guide for actions and initiatives to be taken by governments, law enforcement bodies and economic players. |
Contents
Preface | 9 |
EUROPEAN WASTE DISPOSAL SECTOR | 17 |
Environmental Scan and Cluster analysis | 45 |
Cluster analysis | 59 |
Reference model | 85 |
Analytical phases | 95 |
Bibliography | 128 |
13 | 130 |
45 | 139 |
ROAD MAP FOR VULNERABILITY STUDIES | 143 |
54 | 155 |
62 | 170 |
Depth | 180 |
| 186 | |
Common terms and phrases
agement Basel Convention black market business processes Chain Integration characterised cluster analysis collection competition controls core sector Corporate Culture costs Council Directive creates criminal deal with waste depth scan developed disposal energy enter the market entities environmental crime environmental scan Europe EUROPEAN COMMISSION European Communities European Environment Agency European Parliament European Union EUROSTAT hazardous waste high vulnerability higher illegal waste management impact important incineration increased indicator legal sector legislation licit sector low vulnerability lower the vulnerability Luxembourg methodology micro-level municipal waste nuclear waste Office for Official Official Journal Official Publications organised crime organised crime groups phase possible profits radioactive waste recycling reference model relevant risks sector under study sub-indicators tion Transparency transport treatment trends United Nations VANDER BEKEN vulnerability assessment vulnerability score waste industry waste management companies waste management industry waste management sector waste market waste streams width scan