The Great Agnostic: Robert Ingersoll and American Freethought

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Yale University Press, Jan 8, 2013 - Biography & Autobiography - 246 pages
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During the Gilded Age, which saw the dawn of America’s enduring culture wars, Robert Green Ingersoll was known as “the Great Agnostic.” The nation’s most famous orator, he raised his voice on behalf of  Enlightenment reason, secularism, and the separation of church and state with a vigor unmatched since America’s revolutionary generation. When he died in 1899, even his religious enemies acknowledged that he might have aspired to the U.S. presidency had he been willing to mask his opposition to religion. To the question that retains its controversial power today—was the United States founded as a Christian nation?—Ingersoll answered an emphatic no.

In this provocative biography, Susan Jacoby, the author of Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism, restores Ingersoll to his rightful place in an American intellectual tradition extending from Thomas Jefferson and Thomas Paine to the current generation of  “new atheists.” Jacoby illuminates the ways in which America’s often-denigrated and forgotten secular history encompasses issues, ranging from women’s rights to evolution, as potent and divisive today as they were in Ingersoll’s time. Ingersoll emerges in this portrait as one of the indispensable public figures who keep an alternative version of history alive. He devoted his life to that greatest secular idea of all—liberty of conscience belonging  to the religious and nonreligious alike.

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Contents

Introduction
1
The Making of an Iconoclast
28
The Political Insider and the Religious Outsider
57
Champion of Science
77
The Humanistic Freethinker
97
Church and State
129
Reason and Passion
156
Death and Afterlife
171
A Letter to the New Atheists
192
Vivisection
203
Robert Ingersolls Eulogy for Walt Whitman March 30 1892
206
Notes
213
Selected Bibliography
221
Index
225
Copyright

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About the author (2013)

Susan Jacoby is the author of numerous books, including Freethinkers: A History of American Secularism, The Age of American Unreason, Alger Hiss and the Battle for History, and The Last Men on Top, a recently published eBook. She lives in New York City.

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