The Hunger for Salt: An Anthropological, Physiological and Medical AnalysisAbstract: Various aspects of salt ingestion are discussed in an authoritative reference text (27 chapters) for clinical nutritionists, dietitians, health anthropologists, and other health professionals. Topics include: the relevance of sodium (Na) in body fluids; Na deficiency and salt appetite; hominoid evolution and historical aspects of salt; and specific effects of Na deficiency (physiologic effects; salt taste and response; water depletion; rapid systemic correction of Na deficiency; and endocrine effects of rapid satiation of salt appetite). The discussion of factors which influence salt appetite covers: plasma volume change, hepatic Na receptors, the renin-angiotensin system and experimental hypertension, and salt-appetite during reproduction. Clinical studies are cited and theories on the genesis and satiation of salt appetite are reviewed. Related topics which are discussed include the stimulating effect of steroids on salt appetite; electrical stimulation; the appetite for phosphate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium; and salt intake and high blood pressure. (wz). |
Contents
The main cation of body fluids | 4 |
The natural history of sodium deficiency and salt appetite in wild animals | 10 |
The metabolic basis of salt hunger in wild and range domestic animals | 20 |
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ACTH activity adrenal aldosterone aldosterone secretion angiotensin angiotensin II animals arterial bar-pressing behaviour Blair-West blood pressure bone brain calcium cannibalism cells Coghlan JP corticosterone cortisol decrease Denton depletion diet drank drinking eating effect evidence experimental experiments extracellular fistula fluid hormone hypertension hypertonic hypothalamus increased ingestion injection intracarotid infusion lactation licks litres mannitol metabolic mmol mmol of sodium mmol/day mmol/l sodium NaCl NaHCO3 neurones normal ouabain parotid fistula Physiol Lond physiological plasma potassium chloride prolactin protein rabbits receptors reduced relation renal renin renin-angiotensin system response result Richter rumen saline saliva salivary salt appetite salt intake satiation showed shown sodium appetite sodium balance sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate solution sodium chloride sodium concentration sodium deficiency sodium excretion sodium intake sodium loss sodium solution sodium-replete specific steroid stimulation Stricker taste thirst tion urine volume voluntary intake water intake