The NSA Report: Liberty and Security in a Changing World

Front Cover

The official report that has shaped the international debate about NSA surveillance

"We cannot discount the risk, in light of the lessons of our own history, that at some point in the future, high-level government officials will decide that this massive database of extraordinarily sensitive private information is there for the plucking. Americans must never make the mistake of wholly 'trusting' our public officials."The NSA Report

This is the official report that is helping shape the international debate about the unprecedented surveillance activities of the National Security Agency. Commissioned by President Obama following disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward J. Snowden, and written by a preeminent group of intelligence and legal experts, the report examines the extent of NSA programs and calls for dozens of urgent and practical reforms. The result is a blueprint showing how the government can reaffirm its commitment to privacy and civil liberties—without compromising national security.

 

Contents

Principles
1
Lessons of History
10
Reforming Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Directed at United States Persons
34
Reforming Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Directed at NonUnited States Persons
81
Determining What Intelligence Should Be Collected and How
112
Organizational Reform in Light of Changing Communications Technology
125
Global Communications Technology Promoting Prosperity Security and Openness in a Networked World
154
Protecting What We Do Collect
176
The Legal Standards for Government Access to Communications
201
Overview of NSA Privacy Protections Under FAA 702 Overview of NSA Privacy Protections Under EO 12333
205
US Intelligence Multiple Layers of Rules and Oversight
207
Avenues for Whistleblowers in the Intelligence Community
208
US Government Role in Current Encryption Standards
209
Review Group Briefings and Meetings
213
Glossary
216
Index
227

Conclusion
199

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About the author (2014)

Richard A. Clarke served as a national security official under presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush. Michael J. Morell is a former deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Geoffrey R. Stone is the Edward H. Levi Distinguished Service Professor of Law at the University of Chicago Law School. Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard University. Peter Swire is the Nancy J. and Lawrence P. Huang Professor in the Scheller College of Business at the Georgia Institute of Technology.