Understanding BatteriesBatteries are becoming increasingly important in today's world of portable electronic devices, along with the need to store electricity derived from solar and other renewable forms of energy, and the desire to introduce electric and hybrid electric vehicles to reduce emissions. Understanding Batteries is a must for all those seeking a straightforward explanation of how batteries are constructed, their operation, and the factors determining their performance and life. Beginning with a brief history of the development of batteries and a discussion of their applications and markets, the book goes on to outline the basic terminology and science of batteries. The different types of primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries are then described and emphasis is given to the importance of matching the battery to the intended application. Examples are given to demonstrate how to define and prioritise the various criteria which comprise the battery specification. Throughout, the chemistry is kept as simple as possible. Understanding Batteries will appeal to a wide range of readers, including electrical equipment manufacturers and users, engineers and technicians, chemistry and materials science students, teachers and the interested battery user. |
Contents
Chapter | 1 |
How a Battery Operates | 9 |
Chapter | 12 |
Chapter 3 | 18 |
Primary Batteries | 52 |
Chapter 6 | 62 |
Lithium Primary Batteries | 70 |
Specialized Primary Batteries | 82 |
Chapter 8 | 100 |
Chapter 9 | 126 |
Chapter 4 | 138 |
Lithium Batteries | 143 |
Chapter 11 | 163 |
Some Applications for Secondary Batteries | 188 |
Recommended Reading | 216 |
Rechargeable Batteries | 94 |
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Common terms and phrases
active material alkaline cells alkaline-manganese cells alloy ampere-hours applications automotive battery button cells capacity carbon cell By courtesy cell voltage Chapter charge charger coin cells conductivity corrosion cost current-collector cycle-life cycles D-size developed devices dioxide discharge curve discharge rates Duracell electric vehicles electrochemical electrolyte employed energy density engine grids hydrogen internal resistance ions lead lead dioxide lead-acid battery Leclanché Leclanché cells lithium cells lithium-ion cells manganese manganese dioxide manufactured metal monoblocs negative electrode nickel nickel-cadmium batteries nickel-iron nickel-iron batteries nickel-metal-hydride open-circuit voltage operation overcharge overpotential oxide oxygen pacemakers performance polymer positive electrode positive plate potassium hydroxide power output primary batteries primary cells range rechargeable batteries Sanyo sea-water sealed secondary battery separator service-life shelf-life shown in Figure sodium specific energy spirally-wound stand-by storage sulfuric acid temperature thermal torpedo traction batteries types Ultralife VRLA Wh kg Wh kg-1 zinc chloride zinc-air zinc-silver-oxide