Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-policy Decisions and FiascoesJanis identifies the causes and fateful consequences of groupthink, the process that takes over when decision-making bodies agree for the sake of agreeing to abandon their critical judgment. |
Contents
Why So Many Miscalculations? | 2 |
The Bay of Pigs | 14 |
The Wrong War with | 50 |
Copyright | |
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accepted according Acheson action administration Admiral advisers advisory alternative American appears asked assumptions attack avoid Bay of Pigs become bombing called Chiefs Chinese cohesive Committee Communist concerning consensus consequences considerable considered continued course crisis critical Cuba Cuban danger decision decision-making Defense deliberations Department develop direction discussion effect enemy evidence example Executive expected fact feelings fiascoes forces foreign give groupthink Hawaii initial intelligence invasion issues Japanese Johnson judgment Kennedy Kimmel Korea leaders leading major Marshall meetings military missile naval Navy norms North objections observations officers operation participants Pearl Harbor policy-makers political position possible present President pressures probably problem questions reports responsible risks role says Schlesinger Secretary seems shared social Soviet staff strong suggested symptoms thinking threat tions Truman trying United Vietnam warning White House