Whitebark Pine Communities: Ecology And RestorationDiana F. Tomback, Stephen F. Arno, Robert E. Keane Whitebark pine is a dominant feature of western high-mountain regions, offering an important source of food and high-quality habitat for species ranging from Clark's nutcracker to the grizzly bear. But in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada, much of the whitebark pine is disappearing. Why is a high-mountain species found in places rarely disturbed by humans in trouble? And what can be done about it.Whitebark Pine Communities addresses those questions, explaining how a combination of altered fire regimes and fungal infestation is leading to a rapid decline of this once abundant -- and ecologically vital -- species. Leading experts in the field explain what is known about whitebark pine communities and their ecological value, examine its precarious situation, and present the state of knowledge concerning restoration alternatives. The book. presents an overview of the ecology and status of whitebark pine communities offers a basic understanding of whitebark pine taxonomy, distribution, and ecology, including environmental tolerances, community disturbance processes, regeneration processes, species interactions, and genetic population structure identifies the threats to whitebark pine communities explains the need for management intervention surveys the extent of impact and losses to dateMore importantly, the book clearly shows that the knowledge and management tools are available to restore whitebark pine communities both locally and on a significant scale regionally, and it provides specific information about what actions can and must be taken.Whitebark Pine Communities offers a detailed portrait of the ecology of whitebark pine communities and the current threats to them. It brings together leading experts to provide in-depth information on research needs, management approaches, and restoration activities, and will be essential reading for ecologists, land managers, and anyone concerned with the health of forest ecosystems in the western United States. |
Contents
The Compelling Case for Management Intervention | 3 |
The Biology of Whitebark Pine | 27 |
Taxonomy Distribution and History | 29 |
Whitebark Pine and Its Environment | 41 |
Community Types and Natural Disturbance Processes | 74 |
Clarks Nutcracker Agent of Regeneration | 89 |
The Natural Regeneration Process | 105 |
Whitebark Pine Grizzly Bears and Red Squirrels | 121 |
Biodiversity Losses The Downward Spiral | 243 |
Threatened Landscapes and Fragile Experiences Conflict in Whitebark Pine Restoration | 263 |
Restoring Whitebark Pine Communities | 285 |
Landscape Ecology and Isolation Implications for Conservation of Whitebark Pine | 289 |
Management Implications of Genetic Structure | 310 |
Growing Whitebark Pine Seedlings for Restoration | 325 |
Strategies for Managing Whitebark Pine in the Presence of White Pine Blister Rust | 346 |
Restoration Concepts and Techniques | 367 |
Population Genetics and Evolutionary Implications | 137 |
Whitebark Pine Communities Threats and Consequences | 155 |
Successional Dynamics Modeling an Anthropogenic Threat | 159 |
Blister Rust An Introduced Plague | 193 |
Whitebark Pine Decline Infection Mortality and Population Trends | 221 |
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Common terms and phrases
alpine areas bark pine blister rust burned cache cembra Chapter Clark's nutcracker climate compilers cone crops conifers decline Ecology and management elevations environment fire exclusion fire regimes Forestry gene genetic diversity genetic structure germination grizzly bears habitat high-mountain resource Idaho Intermountain Research Station K. J. McDonald Keane landscape Lanner limber pine lodgepole pine Mattson McCaughey Montana mountain pine beetle Ogden Pages percent pine blister rust pine Pinus albicaulis Pinus albicaulis plant Proceedings-Symposium on whitebark range regeneration region restoration Ribes rust resistance S. F. Arno Schmidt and K. J. seed dispersal seedlings seral simulation species squirrels stone pines subalpine fir subalpine zone successional Technical Report INT-270 tion Tomback upper subalpine USDA Forest Service Utah W. C. Schmidt Weaver western white pine white pine blister whitebark pine communities whitebark pine ecosystems whitebark pine forests whitebark pine Pinus whitebark pine seeds whitebark pine stands whitebark pine trees Yellowstone National Park