Zenobia: Shooting Star of PalmyraHailing from the Syrian city of Palmyra, a woman named Zenobia (also Bathzabbai) governed territory in the eastern Roman empire from 268 to 272. She thus became the most famous Palmyrene who ever lived. But sources for her life and career are scarce. This book situates Zenobia in the social, economic, cultural, and material context of her Palmyra. By doing so, it aims to shed greater light on the experiences of Zenobia and Palmyrene women like her at various stages of their lives. Not limiting itself to the political aspects of her governance, it contemplates what inscriptions and material culture at Palmyra enable us to know about women and the practice of gender there, and thus the world that Zenobia navigated. It reflects on her clothes, house, hygiene, property owning, gestures, religious practices, funerary practices, education, languages, social identities, marriage, and experiences motherhood, along with her meteoric rise to prominence and civil war. It also ponders Zenobia's legacy in light of the contemporary human tragedy in Syria. |
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Contents
1 Zenobias Likenesses | 1 |
Part I Palmyra Zenobias City | 15 |
Part II Embryonic Star | 57 |
Part III Rising Star | 109 |
Part IV Shooting Star | 163 |
Fallen Star | 213 |
Palmyrene Monuments Mentioned | 231 |
Brief and Simple Guide to Palmyrenean Aramaic | 233 |
Inscriptions for Odainaths Household | 235 |
245 | |
279 | |
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Common terms and phrases
already Anatolia Ancient apparently Arab Arabian Aramaic army As‘ad Aurelian authority burial called caravan celebrated century Chapter Christian civic civil claimed coins Colinet Colonnade columns consularis court death dedications Delplace depict describes discusses Dura East eastern Egypt elite Emesa emperor encountered father Figure Finlayson funerary portraits Gallienus Gallienus’s Gawlikowski gods governed Greek Hairan Hartmann Herodian Historia Augusta honor household husband IGLS images imperial inscriptions Italy Kaizer killed king late later learned letters light lived marriage military named Odainath offerings Orient Palmyra Palmyrene Palmyrenean perhaps Persian political Potter presumably probably Raja reliefs religious Roman Roman Empire Saito Sartre and Sartre Schmidt slaves Smith social sometimes Sommer sources Southern statues Syria temple texts tomb trade traditions Translated various Wahballath Western witnessed woman women Zenobia