In the distance - dependent model , spatial effects arise because tree interactions ( namely competition for light ) tend ... This regular pattern reduces the strength of competition , thus resulting in a different height distribution .

A tree stocking rate of 40 trees ha1 ( tree distance of 16 meters ) seems reasonable . ... Light reduction and influence on grass production during their growth should be investigated . This research showed the correlation between light ...

Growth of both species of tree in association with the gramineas was lower than in the control group . ... would be improved through establishing several rows instead of one or by reducing the planting distance between each row .

It has been calculated that of the total volume per tree calculated from the formula , 0.012 cubic meter has to be ... rate log diameter at breast height ( m ) 8.3 THE MODEL This function is valid for logs with a DBH of 10-50cm .

regularly disseminated over a distance of about 15 km . in the whole wooded area at an altitude of 2,150 m . ... In the case of C. van roechoudtii the tree was straight - stemmed and smaller attaining a height of only 4 meters .

As the length of the fallow decreases , the following changes occur : The number of crops and the plant density increase ; The number of trees on the fields , mainly oil palms , raffia palms , cola nut , and coconut , increases .