Starting from the principle that the primary productivity in the humid tropical jungles is much higher than that in the ... Indeed , in such regions the farmers have developed systems that include trees with crops and / or pastures .

... in which cattle and pastures are combined with trees , shrubs and other crops , may have the greatest probability of ... as a transition from extensive livestock - based systems to those based on more productive perennial crops ...

ANDERSON , G , W , Productivity of crops and pastures under tress . In Howes , K.M.W. y Rummery , R.A. eds . ... Nitrogen cycle of ARANGUREN , J. , ESCALANTE , G. y HERRERA , R. tropical perennial crops under shade trees , I Coffee .

biodiversity through encouraging trees mixed with perennial crops and pastures as well as in the environmental dimensions ... systems for perennial crops 3.2.1 Design and management of ecological and productive plant diversity in shaded ...

Development of multistrata silvopastoral sytems in Colombia Key words : shrub , arboreal , timber , fodder , shade Y.S. ... Trees and shrubs are also present in farmed pastures where management actions such as the timing and density of ...

... including several situations where trees are grown in association with crops or pastures ( agro - forestry systems ) . Throughout the Central American Isthmus , low - yield agriculture ( marginal ) and livestock usually occupy ...

Basically , we should only refer to agro- forestry when trees and shrubs , arable crops and / or pasture animals are kept together on a particular plot of land in such a way that they can be shown to influence each other ecologically .

Improvement of pasture productivity , through the introduction of leguminous cover crops or fodder trees , will be ... This crop was not included , with the above four topics , in the list of farming systems where monitoring , research ...

Forages for plantation crops . ACIAR Pro- ceedings N ° 32. Pp . 97-101 . Chen , C.P. ( 1993 ) Pastures as the secondary En component in tree - pasture systems . Proceedings 17th International Grassland Congress . February 8-23 , 1993.

In . A review on Nitrogen n the Tropics with Particular Reference to Pastures . ... Proceedings of a Workshop . ... Nitrogen , a major limitation in the productivity of natural communities , crops and pasture in the pacific area .