Balkan Sprachbund Morpho-Syntactic FeaturesAt the end of 1998, Professor Pieter Muysken was awarded the Spinoza prize of the Netherlands Organization of Scientific Research (NOW) and set up a research program entitled “Lexicon and Syntax”. The implementation of the Program started in the autumn of 1999 with research on the lexicon and syntax in a number of areas where contacts between 1 different languages are intensive. For the languages of many of the areas selected, basic data had to be collected. For most of the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund area, however, there are grammars and dictionaries. Moreover, quite a number of studies of the Balkan Spra- bund features have been published. Accordingly, when I joined the team of the Project, I aimed at a description of the state of art in the field. After several months of research, I realized that Balkanists have mainly been concerned with compiling lists of similarities and making parallels between the lexical and grammatical forms of the Balkan languages, while analyses of the interaction of the Balkan Sprachbund morpho-syntactic features with other features in the structure of the DP or the sentence of a given language/dialect are scarce. This oriented me towards descriptions of Balkan Spra- bund morpho-syntactic features in the context of individual sub-systems in nine Balkan language to which they relate – the Slavic languages Macedonian, Bulgarian and Serbo-C- atian; the Romance languages Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian; Albanian; Modern Greek; and the Arli Balkan Romani dialect. |
Contents
| 1 | |
| 15 | |
| 21 | |
How did the Balkan Sprachbund features develop? | 27 |
Chapter | 35 |
The Balkan Slavic | 42 |
Chapter Three | 49 |
2 | 81 |
Use of the Aromanian present perfect Use of the Aromanian past perfect Use of the be auxiliary Evidential forms 7 Albanian | 385 |
Use of the evidential forms | 395 |
Past | 402 |
The be auxiliary and its use in the formation of the Arli analytic tenses407 | 407 |
2 | 455 |
Typical uses of subjunctive | 462 |
Subjunctive complements with wh words as arguments or adjuncts | 468 |
Subjunctive constructions as complements of auxiliary | 476 |
Definite | 120 |
MeglenoRomanian | 152 |
Aromanian | 167 |
Albanian Case and definiteness | 186 |
Modern | 203 |
Personal | 212 |
Use of prepositions to express case | 219 |
Chapter Four | 239 |
MeglenoRomanian | 292 |
Aromanian | 299 |
object Cliticdoubling of whwords cliticdoubling cliticdoubling system 8 Modern Greek Modern Greek clausal clitic system | 315 |
Cliticdoubling | 330 |
3 | 331 |
Forms of the be and have present and past | 337 |
Be perfect with passive | 345 |
2 | 351 |
4 | 367 |
5 | 376 |
Subjunctive constructions as nominal modifiers or | 502 |
Romanians511 | 511 |
Romanian future tenses with subjunctive | 527 |
Bare subjunctive | 534 |
5 | 540 |
6 | 558 |
Geg Albanian | 609 |
Arli Balkan | 636 |
Conditional | 648 |
Appendix | 657 |
Appendix | 683 |
Appendix Three | 697 |
| 707 | |
| 721 | |
| 741 | |
| 747 | |
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Common terms and phrases
Acc.Mark Acc.Refl.Cl adjectives aorist Asenova Balkan languages Balkan Romani Balkan Sprachbund beše Bulgarian clausal clitics clitic-doubled co-occur conditional sentences constructions with verbs Dat.Refl.Cl definite article direct object distinct dojde evidential Examples express future tense future-in-the-past Geg Albanian gender girl have.1Sg imperfect forms impersonal indefinite indicative complements infinitive inflecting intentional verbs l-participles larė lexical verb Macedonian dialects main clause Maria masculine medio-passive Megleno-Romanian modal clitic modal verb Modern Greek negation marker nouns occur Old Church Slavonic paradigms passive participles past perfect past tense forms perfect tenses person singular Petar Petko Plural Singular Plural possessive clitics possessive modifiers preposition present perfect present tense forms pronominal clitics pronouns Romanian S)he săm seen.Past.Part Serbian Serbo-Croatian Singular Plural 1st Singular Plural Singular Slavic speakers šte subjunctive complements subjunctive constructions subjunctive marker suffixes that.Subj the.M.Sg third person tomorrow Tosk Albanian want.1Sg