A History of the International Chemical IndustryUnlike conventional histories written about the field of chemistry, this study presents an international perspective, integrating the story of chemical science with that of the chemical industry, and emphasizing the developments of the twentieth century. |
Contents
From Alchemy to Chemistry | 3 |
The Birth of Americas Chemical Industry | 16 |
Rubber Becomes an Industrial Product | 27 |
The Dawn of Synthetic Organic Chemistry | 28 |
From Dye Extracts to Synthetic Dyestuffs | 35 |
From Empirical Work to Systematic Research | 42 |
The Birth of Switzerlands Chemical Industry | 48 |
The Solvay Ammonia Soda ProcessElectrolytic Alkali | 57 |
The New Look of the American Market | 170 |
The Particular Nature of Britains Chemical Industry | 179 |
A Cumulation of Particularisms | 189 |
The Development of Frances CoalBased Chemicals | 195 |
The Prosperity of the Basel Chemical Companies | 201 |
World War II and Its Consequences for World | 207 |
IG Farbens Wartime Operations and How They Ended | 213 |
Japans Belated Involvement in Petrochemicals | 219 |
The Adventure | 64 |
The Birth of the Plastics Industry | 70 |
Perfumes and Fragrances | 77 |
The Quest for Fertilizer Raw Materials | 84 |
Industrial Gases and Air Liquefaction | 91 |
From the Study of Solutions to the Theory of Ions | 99 |
The Slowdown of Englands Chemical Industry | 107 |
The Unsatisfactory Situation in France | 108 |
The Striking Progress of Americas Chemical Industry | 115 |
The Demand for Organic Chemicals | 121 |
Innovative Trends in Postwar Industrial Chemistry | 127 |
HighPressure Chemicals | 133 |
Frances Fragmented Chemical Industry | 143 |
The Discovery of New Plastics | 149 |
The Growth of Fluorine Chemistry | 157 |
Hormones | 164 |
Stereospecific Elastomers and EthylenePropylene Rubber | 225 |
The Benevolent CircleIntermediates and High Polymers | 232 |
Prosperity of the Chemical Industry Precedes the First | 241 |
The Peak Years of Americas Chemical Industry | 249 |
From Tire Manufacturing to Chemicals | 258 |
The United States Fine Chemicals Industry | 265 |
Restructuring Britains Chemical Industry | 269 |
The Emergence of Italys Heavy Chemical Industry | 299 |
The State Chemical Industry in Socialist Countries | 313 |
The Nationalization of Frances Chemical Industry | 326 |
The Craze for Biotechnology | 340 |
Flavors Fragrances and Beauty Products | 353 |
The Alliance of Chemicals and Electronics | 367 |
| 387 | |
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acetate acetone acetylene acquired acrylic alcohol alkalis aluminum American ammonia association atoms base BASF Bayer became become began benzene boosted bought British calcium calcium cyanamide carbon catalyst cellulose chemical companies chemical industry chemistry chemists Chimie Chimiques chlorine coal cyanamide derivatives developed distillation diversified Du Pont dyes dyestuffs electric electrolysis Elf Aquitaine England established ethyl ethylene oxide Europe explosives extracted fertilizers fibers firms France France's French gases German Germany's Hoechst hydrogen IG Farben involved Kuhlmann laboratory later leaders Leblanc managed manufacture merger methanol molecules Monsanto nitrate nitrocellulose nitrogen Nobel Nylon obtained olefins organic oxygen patent percent petrochemicals pharmaceuticals phenol phosphorus plant plastics polyester polyethylene polymers Pont produced Progil propylene range reaction resins Rhône-Poulenc Saint-Fons Saint-Gobain salt sector Société soda sodium sold Solvay solvents specialties stake subsidiary sulfate sulfuric acid superphosphates supplied synthesis textile tons took Ugine United vinyl vitamin
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