E. W. Kirkpatrick, McKinney, Texas, on August 23, sent the following:

To the members of the American Pomological Society, assembled at Berkeley, California

Gentlemen: My enforced absence from your honorable esteemed presence gives me much regret. The united good will of many thousand devoted people comes to you wishing you much restful pleasure and preeminent success in all of your useful work.

To the Committee on reorganization I respectfully suggest the following:

Our purpose is the extension of the domain of usefulness and the promotion of efficiency of the American Pomological Society.

The improvement and extension of all horticultural plants which are esculent, ornamental, medicinal, or useful in scientific manufacture should be included in our province.

Horticulture should have the widest application in defining the limits of our activities.

In the list of declared purposes I think we should emphasize:

First. The discovery of new and improved varieties by natural methods of cross pollination. Our varieties are infinite and continually improving. Many of the cross-pollenized seeds, from variety orchard trees, wasting on the ground, have great reproductive value. Often there is more value in the seed than in the fruit.

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Second. The even distribution of high grade fruit to wider markets, so as to secure profitable prices, is a most desirable result.

Third. Inducing the universal planting of home orchards and gardens should engage our constant solicitude. Those who feel they are unable to secure commercial trees and plants should be urged to plant seeds and cuttings which may be had for the asking. An ample supply of horticultural food in every home would transform and increase the health, wealth, character, and happiness of the people to a degree which is in no other way obtainable.

Fourth. The futility of proscriptive or socalled protective and inspection laws, enacted for the alleged purpose of preventing importation of dangerous insects and diseases, calls for our most vigilant attention. In plant life as in animal life, malnutrition always supplies a full quota of fatal destroyers. These insects and diseases have al

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ways been present and will continue to exist for the merciful purpose of eliminating the unfit. The best remedy against these enemies is a complete ration for the tree or plant. Millions of trees and plants in our cities are famishing, dying for plant food. The laws enacted to prevent cruelty to animals should be extended to trees and plants. This extension would eliminate all enemies except possibly the worst-the tree inspector and tree doctor. If we had returned, the millions of dollars that have been squandered in an effort to destroy the gypsy and brown tail moth, the boll weevil, the aphis, the scale, and a hundred other bogies, we would hardly repeat the folly again. Halfstarved trees, by spraying, may be kept alive to bear half-starved fruit, but full feeding is a better remedy.

The publicity given to these horticultural hobgoblins, the challenges, the warnings, the evil prophecies, is one of the chief causes of absence of fruit, shade, and ornamental trees and plants, which otherwise would

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The Miami Valley, Ohio, Nurserymen's Association met at Tippecanoe City, O., September 9. Under the direction of the president, W. F. Bohlender, they viewed the Spring Hill Nurseries and enjoyed a light luncheon. Next the Farmer Nurseries near Troy was visited and dinner was served at the New Troy Hotel. This was followed by a business session over which President Bohlender presided. Mr. Bohlender was again elected president. Theodore Dinsmore, vice-president, and I. N. Wismer secretary were other officers elected. Reports were submitted and conditions of the trade were discussed. Many new ideas were gained from the discussions and inspections. Baird & Hall Nurseries at Troy was the scene of the next visit followed by an inspection of the W. N. Scarff Nurseries at New Carlisle. Later the entire party adjourned to the residence of Mr. Scarff where ice cream and cake refreshed the visitors and a number of musical selections were enjoyed. The company was conveyed in motor cars to the various nurseries.

The party consisted of the following: Mr. and Mrs. W. F. Bohlender, Mr. and Mrs. Harry Kyle, Howard Kyle, Mr. Peter Bohlender, Miss Bohlender, Mrs. J. H. Esty, of Spring Hill Nurseries, Tippecanoe; Charles Ernst and brother of the Ernst Nurseries at Eaton; C. Brown, of Eaton; J. George, of Storrs & Harrison Company, Painesville; Carl Bechtel, of the Carr Nurseries, Yellow Springs; Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Henby, of the J. K. Henby & Son Nurseries, Greenfield, Ind.; W. C. Reed, Vincennes, Ind.; Mr. and Mrs. T. J. Scarff, Howard Scarff, of New Carlisle; J. Donaldson of Willowdean Nurseries, Sparta and Warsaw, Ky.; M. F. Barnes, of the Barnes Nurseries, Hamilton; Mr. Leonard, of the Zimmer Ridge Nurseries, Piqua; Prof. N. E. Shaw, of Columbus, chief nursery inspector; E. W. Mendenhall, assistant nursery inspector; Wilbur Seibenthaler, John Seibenthaler, of Seibenthaler Nurseries, Dayton; Gus. Schmidt, George Bodley, James Campbell, of the Schmidt & Bodley Floral Company, Springfield; Gordon Hall and Robert Baird, of Baird and Hall

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Wismer of the Farmers' Nurseries, of Troy.

Elisha P. Howland, 88 years old, one of thebest known horticulturists in Indiana, at one time president of the state horticultural society, died recently at his home in Indianapolis where he had resided since 1851. When he was in his eighty-fourth year he organized the Howland Orchard Company of Mitchell, Ind., and at the time of his death was president of the concern, which has large apple and peach orchards at Mitchell.

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AMERICAN FRUITS

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A Record Apple Deal-What is said to be the biggest single deal in apples ever made in the Northwest is announced by the North Pacific Fruit Distributers' Association. Every box available of "C" grade apples controlled by the association has been sold to a pool of Middle West firms for 85 cents a box, the highest price obtained for this class of fruit in four years. It is estimated the apples will make 400 carloads. The price is $214,000.

Will Fruit Growers Ever Learn?-Bert Johnson, head of the great Highland Orchards, sounds a warning to Arkansas fruit growers which should be heeded. There has been much complaint from fruit men this year because of low prices. Mr. Johnson says growers in many instances were forced to accept low prices because of careless packing, careless selection of fruit and not enough spraying of the crop at the proper time. He urges spraying, selection and packing as the cardinal points in growing and marketing fruit and he calls attention to the fact that all fruit growers in Arkansas must suffer if some fail to give proper attention to these important matters.

Indiana Apple Show-Under date of Sept. 9 the management of the Indiana Apple Show said: The Indianapolis apple crop continues to gain at an unprecedented rate with every United States crop estimate. These official estimates are supported in almost every mail by unofficial forecasts received from fruit growers in all parts of the state. Never before was such an apple crop known in Indiana. In the last 60 days it has been harrassed by wind and rain, attacked with unusual virulence by fire blight, apple blotch, bitter rot and scab, and yet today it stands at an official estimate of 8,600,000 bushels, against 4,300,000 bushels for the final estimate for the year of 1914.

With double the yield of last year, much is expected for the fifth annual apple show of the Indiana Horticultural society, to be held in Tomlinson hall, Nov. 6 to 13. Already growers have sent early fruit to storage for their displays.

On a Business Basis-Practically every orchard in Northern Chautauqua county, N. Y., was sprayed this year, and the crop will be the largest and finest it has been in several years. The growers have recognized the fact that there is good money in raising apples, and a number of the orchards which were allowed to run down in years gone by have been put in first-class condition, and it is believed that with the care that is now being taken of the land and trees as large an apple will be grown in this territory within the next three years as those grown in the Wenatchee valley in the state of Washington.

Apple Breeding in Maine The plant breeding work at Highmoor Farm for 1915 is in the main a continuation of work started several years ago. Breeding work is being carried on with apples, oats, beans and corn. It is the purpose of this article to outline briefly the character of these experiments. In later letters some of these lines of work will be dealt with more in detail.

The apple breeding work was started in 1912. The object of this work is to attempt to produce new and better varieties of fruit for Maine than those now grown. About 1000 seedlings resulting from hand pollinating in 1912 have been grown in a seedling nursery. This spring cions from about 400 of these were grafted on to old stock in order to bring them into bearing earlier.

An extensive experiment on the mutual influence of stock and cion was begun in 1911.

This spring a new orchard of about

500 trees was set. Ten different varieties each budded on French Crab and Tolman Sweet stocks were used.

Fruit Growing a Specialty-The end of the small orchards in Michigan is predicted by Robert G. Graham, chairman of the state agricultural board.

"Small orchards have been killed by the scale and other diseases," he says. "Five years from now, as things are going, the farmers will be buying apples for their own use instead of raising them, except, of course, in the fruit districts. The fact is, farming is becoming more and more specialized, and fruit growing is a department by itself.

"To grow apples successfully it is necessary to spray trees four to six times during the season, and this is something the general farmer will not or cannot do. The small orchard is negectled in the press of plowing, cultivating, harvesting and other farm work."

Foreign Fruit Markets-The effect of the war upon the fruit industry has been found to be less disastrous than was apprehended. Because of the cheapness of the fruit, consumption was stimulated until the exports far exceeded expectations. The German ports being closed, large quantities were shipped direct to the Scandinavian markets for the first time, and this should prove of considerable benefit in future years. Direct trade with South America has also increased greatly and should continue to do so, especially if the growing trade in meat products affords additional return facilities for shipment. Careful selection, grading, and packing by hand is, however, essential to the delivery of the fruit in good condition, and only stock that may be classed as "fancy" or "extra fancy" should be exported to South American ports.

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