Biased Evaluation and Persistence in Gambling |
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analysis asked assessed assigned bets attribution Baltimore Colts behavior belief bias biased evaluation process biased manner bolstering comments Cleveland Browns college basketball confidence content analysis continue to gamble dependent measures discount Doctor of Philosophy Dweck effect of outcome effective football bettor ego-defensive evaluate outcomes expectations experiment explaining their losses explanations for wins failure fluke event Fluke/No-Fluke manipulation football games gamblers gambling skill hypothesis important inter-rater reliability Journal of Personality Kahneman Kiki Vandeweghe learned helplessness Lee Ross Lepper losers losing subjects lost measure of subjects No-Fluke condition one's original team outcome information pattern persistent predicted present formulation professional football psychologically invested psychology of gambling questions revealed a significant Ross score season significant interaction significant main effect Social Psychology Stanford University studies subjects spent discussing subjects tended subjects were told success Table tendency Tversky UCLA fans week's winners winning subjects wins and losses write-ups