Evolution and Classification: The Reformation of Cladism |
Contents
The techniques and justification of evolutionary | 19 |
The techniques and justification of phenetic | 35 |
The techniques and justification of cladism | 46 |
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Common terms and phrases
adaptation Agassiz analogies analysis ancestral and derived ancestral character ancestral from derived animals argument Baer's law biologists called chapter character choice chromosomal cladistic classification cladistic groups cladistic techniques cladogram classifica classificatory cluster statistic convergence Cracraft criticism Cuvier Darwin define groups descendants dichotomous dichotomous cladograms differentia discover discussed distinction distinguish ancestral embryological criterion evidence evolutionary classification evolutionary taxonomy evolved Figure fossil record functional criterion group of species Hennig's hierarchy homologies hypothesis justify transformed cladism kind mammals Mayr meaning method monophyletic monophyletic groups monophyly natural selection neoteny numerical taxonomy objective outgroup comparison paraphyletic parsimony pattern Patterson phenetic classification phenetic similarity phenetic taxonomy philosophy phylogenetic classification phylogeny Platnick polyphyletic polytomy practical principle Probainognathus reason recent common ancestor recognized relations SAN DIEGO shared derived characters sister groups sister species Sneath Sokal speciation subjective Systematic Zoology taxonomists teleological test evolution Tetrapoda theoretical theory of evolution transformed cladism trichotomy tritylodontids unambiguous UNIVERSITY unrooted tree