Refrigeration: A Practical Treatise on the Scientific Principles, Mechanical Operation, and Management of Refrigerating Plants Based on the Various Modern Systems of Artificial Cooling |
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Refrigeration: A Practical Treatise on the Scientific Principles, Mechanical ... Charles Dickerman No preview available - 2018 |
Common terms and phrases
2-inch pipe air compressor ammonia condenser ammonia gas ammonia receiver amount anhydrous ammonia apparatus atmosphere boiling point bottom brine cooler brine tank British thermal units cage calcium brine carbonic anhydride gas cause chloride of calcium cleaning close compression condition connection construction cooling crank crank pin crosshead double acting engine enter evaporator expanding cylinder Fahr feet of 1-inch filled flange flow freezing point gas compressor gases gasket glass gages head header horizontal ice-making inlet insulation iron joint latent heat leakage liquefaction liquefied liquid ammonia lubrication machine manifolds necessary obtained opening operation overflow owing packing passing piston rod placed poppet valve pounds per square practice pressure gauge prevent proper pump purge valve quantity refrig refrigerating plant salt brine screwed shaft side single-acting spring square inch steam cylinder strength stroke stuffing box taken tank and coil temperature tight tion usual vertical water jacket zero
Popular passages
Page 65 - ... gas. If the liquid ammonia receiver be placed in a vertical position it is customary to place a purge valve in the bottom for drawing off oil or other impurities. The supply of liquid to the evaporator is taken off at a short distance above the bottom say, 4 to 6 inches.
Page 72 - It is of great importance to know at all times whether or not the gas taken into the compressors is fully discharged into the condenser, as the slightest loss at this point is certain to make itself felt in the operation of the plant. The compressor and valves seldom need be taken apart to determine their operation. The engineer should be able to discern when the compressors are working at their best, by placing the hand on the inlet and outlet pipes or on the lower part of the compressors so as...
Page 97 - J-inch larger in diameter than the cylinders. The leathers must be kept soaked with castor oil and must be well soaked in that before using; and a tin box containing spare leathers and castor oil must be kept on hand. Once, or sometimes twice a day, it is necessary to clean the machine by heating it up and blowing out all the oil and ice deposits. This is done as follows: The 1-inch valve of the by-pass is opened. Then the two...
Page 70 - The purge valve in the bottom of the oil interceptor may be opened slightly about once each week, and the oil discharged from the compressors drawn off into a pail or can, unless a blow-off reservoir is provided. After the gas with which it is charged has escaped, the oil should be practically the same as when fed into the compressors. If, however, the oil is not of the proper quality it will remain thick and pasty, or gummy, showing it to have been affected by the ammonia. Its use should not be...
Page 57 - ... the transmission of heat through the surface. It is, therefore, necessary in examining into the strength of the brine, to consider it with reference to the evaporating pressure of the ammonia as well as its own temperature. In the last...
Page 70 - ... system, with brine of proper strength or density, as already explained — it only remains to keep the system or plant in that condition. As all forms of mechanism are liable to disarrangement and deterioration from various causes, repairs and corrections from time to time must be made to keep them in good condition. Let us now consider the most important points requiring attention. It is absolutely necessary for the good working of any type of plant or apparatus that it be kept clean. As a steam...
Page 3 - VV hen a body changes from a solid to a liquid, or a liquid to a gaseous state, a certain amount of heat must be supplied to it in order to effect the change. This amount is called its latent heat, and is expressed in thermal units. Thus we have in the melting of one pound of ice a latent heat of 142 thermal units, and we understand by this that in order to melt a pound of ice it must absorb into itself, in making the change, 142 BTU, or the equivalent of one pound of water changing 142 degrees Fahrenheit....
Page 97 - ... keeping the outlet from the steam jacket open enough to drain the condensed steam. Run in this manner for about one-half hour, during this time frequently blow out the bottom valve of the oil-trap, also the blowoff from the expander, until everything appears clean.
Page 9 - The first is operated in connection with the brine system. In this evaporator salt brine, or other solution, is reduced in temperature by the evaporation of the ammonia or other refrigerant, and the cooled brine circulated through the room or other points to be refrigerated. In the second, the direct-expansion system, the ammonia or refrigerant is taken directly to the point to be cooled, and there evaporated in Fig.
Page 52 - Fig. 55 — a type of ammonia coupling — the contact between the pipe and fitting is made to withstand the leakage of the gas without the aid of packing or other material other than solder or some of the usual cements; the two flanges are bolted together with a tongue and grooved joint having a soft metal gasket. This makes a permanent and durable fitting. Other fittings of the class — as ells, tees, and return bends — are usually provided with one of the above methods of connecting with the...