Music, Social Classes, and the National Question of Puerto Rico |
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18th-century A.G. Quintero-Rivera Abbad African Alejo Carpentier alternative culture artisans baile ballroom music basic bomba bombardino camouflaged Caribbean music Center century character Christian cimarrón colonial contemporary Puerto Rican contradanza copla counter-plantation cuatro Cuba Cuban danza dance danza danza puertorriqueña danzón décima Domínguez Ortiz drum Eddie Palmieri espinela essay Galán garrison city genre González hacendados hegemony Hispanic Hispanic Caribbean Historia identified important incorporates instrument Isadora Duncan Jewish or Moorish Juan Morel Campos Justicia Latin American Program liberty and spontaneity Luis Manuel Alvarez Madrid maroon marronage melody merengue mulatto música musical form musical language musical tradition musicians Number obbligato patterns peasant Ponce pueblo Puerto Rican music Puerto Rican popular quaracha rhythm rhythmic Rican popular music Rico Roberto Cofresi role Rubén Blades rumba runaway rural salsa San Juan seigniorial seis siglos XVI significant singer improvises slavery soneo song Spain Spaniards Spanish Tiburón toque transformation triplet trombone Veray