The Early Effects of Radiation on DNAE.M. Fielden, Peter O'Neill Interest in the biological effects of ionising radiation closely followed the identification of such radiation. The realisation that DNA is the site of genetic infonnation in cells subsequently focussed attention on DNA as an important target in the lethal and mutagenic effects of ionising radiation. Thus radiation effects upon DNA became an important area for fundamental scientific studies by radiation biologists, chemists and physicists. To a first approximation, the concerns of the three disciplines can be divided by time scales: the physical process of energy deposition from photon or charged 16 12 particle and subsequent relaxation (-10- to 10- secs), followed by chemical 12 2 reactions (- 10- to 10 secs), and fmally, the expression of biological effect (minutes to years). Thus, the concept of 'early processes' conveys different ideas to different scientists, although they are all interrelated. To attempt to describe in any detail all these processes is a mammoth task which is not made easier by the different conventions and experimental approaches of the three disciplines. However, the recent advances in all these scientific areas seemed, to the organisers at least, to offer the opportunity to stimulate more active interaction between physicists, chemists and biologists. With this in mind, a multi-disciplinary workshop was organised, which brought together some fifty scientists to present their own specialist interests and, through extensive discussion, explore which problems are of high priority and require input from the different disciplines to resolve them. |
Contents
PARTI THE INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO RADIATION ACTION | 1 |
Biophysical Models of Radiation Action | 17 |
Links between Radiation Track Structure Radiochemical Species | 33 |
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54 The Early adducts anion aqueous solution base damage base radicals Berlin Heidelberg 1991 calculated cell cycle cell killing cellular Chem chemical repair chromatin chromosome aberrations curves cytosine DNA damage DNA double-strand breaks DNA dsb DNA Edited DNA molecule DNA radicals double strand breaks E. M. Fielden Early Effects Edited by E. M. Effects of Radiation electron energy deposition filter elution formation Goodhead guanine high-LET induced initial Int J Radiat interaction ionising ionizing radiation ions irradiation kinetics lethal low LET lymphocytes mammalian cells mechanisms misonidazole molecular neutrons nucleosome O'Neill OH radicals oxidation oxygen Phys produced proton purine Radiat Biol Radiat Res radiation action Radiation Biology Radiation on DNA radiation-induced radical cations radiosensitization rate constants RBE-values reaction redox scavengeable Schulte-Frohlinde sensitive simulation single-strand breaks Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Steenken studies survival thiols thymine track structure X-rays yield