Alaska Outer Continental Shelf, Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease Sales 209. 212, 217, and 221: Environmental Impact Statement, Volume 32009 |
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30 days aircraft Alaska OCS Region Anchorage anticipated effects Arctic Barrow Bearded Seals Beaufort Sea beluga whales bowhead whales chance of contact Chukchi Sea cleanup climate change coastal birds communities contamination cumulative effects described in Section development and production disturbance Effects Under Alternative endangered whales environmental resource areas expected exploration activities fin whales fish resources gray whales habitat loss Harbor Porpoise humpback whales hydrocarbons ice seals impacts increase indirect effects large oil spill launch areas level of effect marine and coastal marine mammals migration minor level mitigation measures nearshore noise North Slope offshore oil and gas oil-spill onshore OSRA model estimates percent chance pipeline segments Point Lay polar bears polynya population potential effects Proposed Action reasonably foreseeable reduce result sea ice Sea Planning Area seismic surveys sociocultural systems species spectacled eiders spill contacting spring lead system Steller's eiders subsistence harvests subsistence resources terrestrial mammals USDOI Wainwright walruses