Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Research |
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Page 43
... EQUIVALENT TIME - SAMPLES DESIGN The most usual form of experimental de- sign employs an equivalent sample of persons to provide a baseline against which to com- pare the effects of the experimental variable . In contrast , a recurrent ...
... EQUIVALENT TIME - SAMPLES DESIGN The most usual form of experimental de- sign employs an equivalent sample of persons to provide a baseline against which to com- pare the effects of the experimental variable . In contrast , a recurrent ...
Page 44
... equivalent ran- dom samplings of time periods . Kerr ( 1945 ) has perhaps most nearly approximated this ideal in his experiments on the effects of music upon industrial production . Each of his several experiments involved a single ex ...
... equivalent ran- dom samplings of time periods . Kerr ( 1945 ) has perhaps most nearly approximated this ideal in his experiments on the effects of music upon industrial production . Each of his several experiments involved a single ex ...
Page 46
... EQUIVALENT Materials DESIGN Closely allied to the equivalent time- samples design is Design 9 , basing its argu- ment on the equivalence of samples of mate- rials to which the experimental variables be- ing compared are applied . Always ...
... EQUIVALENT Materials DESIGN Closely allied to the equivalent time- samples design is Design 9 , basing its argu- ment on the equivalence of samples of mate- rials to which the experimental variables be- ing compared are applied . Always ...
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Common terms and phrases
achieved analysis analysis of variance attitudes B₁ Campbell causal Class classroom comparison confounded CONTROL GROUP DESIGN correlation covariance Design 12 differences discussion educational research effect of X employed equivalent eral error ex post facto experimental and control experimental control experimental design experimental effect experimental group experimental variable external factors gain hypothesis inference interaction effect internal validity interpretation interviewers involved Latin squares main effect matching maturation measures memory bias ment mental mental Psychology methods O₁ and O2 occasions occur panel study perimental persons plau plausible rival population possible posttest scores present pretest and posttest pretest scores pretest-posttest problem procedures Psychol psychology psychotherapy pupils quasi-experimental designs quasi-experiments random assignment randomly relevant represent research on teaching rival hypotheses sampling selection settings shift sible social sources of invalidity specific statistical Table teachers ternal validity tests of significance time-series tion trol group true experiment usually