The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence: An Essay on the Construction of Formal Operational StructuresThis book has two aims: to set forth a description of changes in logical operations between childhood and adolescence and to describe the formal structures that mark the completion of the operational development of intelligence. To tie these together the authors have tried to present the material in a way that would stress the close relationship between the two. Each of the first fifteen chapters (Parts I and II) includes an experimental part by the first author and a brief final analysis by the second author. This analysis aims to isolate the formal or propositional structures found in each case. Chapters 16 and 17 (beginning of Part III) are the work of the second author, whereas Chapter 18 is a joint production. In addition, the specific problems of experimental induction analyzed from a functional standpoint (as distinguished from the present structural analysis) will be the subject of a special work by the first author. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved). |
Contents
PART I | 1 |
The Law of Floating Bodies and the Elimination | 20 |
Flexibility and the Operations Mediating | 46 |
The Oscillation of a Pendulum and the Operations | 67 |
Falling Bodies on an Inclined Plane and Opera | 80 |
The Role of Invisible Magnetization and the Six | 93 |
PART II | 105 |
The Conservation of Motion in a Horizontal Plane | 123 |
The Projection of Shadows | 199 |
Play Dreams and Imitation in Childhood | 200 |
Centrifugal Force and Compensations | 210 |
Probable Dispersions and Correlations | 224 |
PART III | 243 |
Formal Thought from the Equilibrium Standpoint | 245 |
The Principles of Teaching | 269 |
Concrete and Formal Structures | 272 |
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actually adolescent angle angles of incidence apparatus appear asymmetrical relations ball beaker begins binary operations boxes causal Chap child classes and relations color combinatorial system compensation concept concrete level concrete operations conservation coordination correlation correspondence discovers disjunction distance empirical equal equilibrium equivalent example exclusion experiment experimental explanation fact factors float force formal level formal operations formal thinking formal thought given goes grams heavier heavy horizontal hypothesis II-A II-B III-B implication inclination increase INRC group length less liquid mechanical equilibrium mental notion objects opera operational schema Piaget piston plunger potential preoperational problem proportions propositional logic propositional operations psychology qualitative reality reasoning relationship result reversibility role separation of variables serial ordering simple slope specific gravity spring device stage III subjects standpoint string structured whole substage III-A systematic tions transformations understand variables varies volume wagon weight