Human PapillomavirusesEvaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by infection with human papillomaviruses (HPVs). To date, more than 70 HPV types have been identified, of which over 15 have been reported in cervical cancer biopsies. Although investigations of cervical cancer are most abundant, the report also considers the possible involvement of HPV infection in cancers at other sites, including the vulva, anus, skin, and aerodigestive tract. The first part summarizes what is known about the structure and molecular biology of papillomaviruses, and the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical management of HPV infections, including prospects for vaccine development. The main part evaluates the vast body of epidemiological studies investigating whether infection with HPV causes cervical cancer and cancers at several other cites. Findings from over 100 epidemiological case-control and cohort studies were considered. Evidence reviewed includes epidemiological studies conducted in the general population, studies of HPV and cancer conducted in special populations, including transplant patients and HIV-infected persons, and studies of skin cancer in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. The studies provide compelling epidemiological evidence that some HPV types are human carcinogens, with HPVs detected in over 90% of all invasive cervical cancers. Part three cites experimental data supporting the carcinogenicity of specific HPV genotypes and elucidating the mechanisms by which HPV exerts its carcinogenic effects. The final part gives a summary and evaluation of all the available data. The report concludes that HPV types 16 and 18 are carcinogenic to humans. The report further concludes that HPV types 31and 33 are probably carcinogenic to humans, and that some HPV types other than 16, 18, 31 and 33 are possibly carcinogenic to humans. |
Other editions - View all
Common terms and phrases
abnormalities adenocarcinoma anal anal cancer analysis animals anogenital antibodies antigen assays associated atypia biopsies bovine papillomavirus carcinogenicity case-control study cell lines cervical carcinoma cervical intraepithelial neoplasia cervical neoplasia clin clinical colposcopy condyloma condylomata controls cytological Dermatol Detection of human diagnosed disease dot blot dysplasia E6 and E7 E7 protein Epidemiology epithelial evaluation exposure Fixed tissue Frozen tissue gene genital HPV genital warts genome Gissmann Gynecol Hausen histological HIV+ HPV infection HPV positivity HPV prevalence HPV test HPV types HPV-negative human papillomavirus DNA human papillomavirus infection human papillomavirus type IARC immunosuppressed In-situ hybridization invasive cancer invasive cervical cancer keratinocytes lesions malignant normal number and type Obstet Odds ratio Oncogene oral pages Sw papillomas papillomavirus type 16 Pathol patients peptide polymerase chain reaction Prevalence of HPV risk sequences sexual skin Southern blot specimens squamous-cell carcinoma Syrjänen transcription tumours viral Virol virus vulvar women