Elementary Surveying |
Contents
GENERAL PRINCIPLES | 1 |
DETERMINATION OF ELEVATION | 3 |
MEASUREMENT OF DISTANCE | 19 |
Copyright | |
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Accordingly accuracy adjustment angle applied assumed axis azimuth base bearing boundary bubble tube calculated called circle closed computed contour contour lines coordinates corner correct Cosin Cotan course cross-wire curve described desired determined difference direction distance drawing drawn effect elevation engineer equal error established evident example field figures Find fixed follows given grade ground Hence horizontal important indicated intersection interval land latitude length line of sight located mark means measured meridian method necessary notes objects observed original photograph placed plane plotted pole position precision principal procedure reading recorded reference relation represent respect scale screws shown shows side slope sources stadia stake standard station surface survey taken tangent tape telescope tion transit traverse true turning usually vernier vertical vertical angle