July you should begin to inure them to the open Air: but they fhould not be exposed to the Sun; for while they are young, the great Heat of the Sun is very injurious to them. In October the Tubs fhould be placed under a Hot-bed Frame, where they may be covered in frosty Weather with the Glaffes; but in mild Weather they should be expofed to the open Air; for if they are kept too close, they will cast their Leaves. In March following these Plants may be tranfplanted out of the Tubs; in doing of which, you fhould be careful to take them up with as much Earth to their Roots as poffible; then place each Plant into a Pot, which fhould be filled with light fresh Earth, giving them fome Water to fettle the Earth to their Roots; and place the Pots into a Frame again, where they fhould be covered with the Glaffes in cold Weather, or drying Winds; but they must be expofed when the Weather is mild, and fhould be frequently watered in this Frame they may remain about a Month, after which they fhould be placed abroad in a fhady Situation, obferv ing to water them often in dry Weather. These Plants may remain two Years in the Pots, that they may be removed into Shelter in Winter, because they are somewhat tender while young; but afterwards they may be turned out of the Pots into the full Ground, obferving to plant them in a pretty moift Soil, where they will make confiderable Progrefs in a few Years.

MAHALEB; vide Cerafus. MAJORANA; Marjoram. The Characters are; It is a verticillate Plant, whofe Flower is compofed of one Leaf: the Galea (or Creft) is upright, roundish, and divided into two Parts: the

Barba (or Beard) is cut into three Segments, fo as to appear almost like a quinquifid Flower: the Flowers are collected into a short thick round Head, and come out of a four-fold Order of Leaves, which are placed like Scales or Plates.

The Species are ;

1. MAJORANA vulgaris. C.B. P. Common wect Marjoram.

2. MAJORANA rotundifolia fcutellata exotica. H. R. Par. Roundleaved Exotic Marjoram, with a Leaf fhaped like a Saucer.

3. MAJORANA Cretica, origani folio, villofa, fatureia odore, corymbis majoribus albis. Hairy Candia Marjoram, with an Origany-leaf, a favoury Smell, and large round tufted white Heads.

The first of these Plants is an Annual, and must be fown every Year: the Seeds of this are annually brought from Marseilles and other Places in the South of France, where it grows fpontaneously; for it never ripens Seeds in this Country. The Seeds of this Plant should be fown the Latter-end of March, or the Beginning of April, upon a dry warm Spot of Ground; and when the Plants come up, they must be carefully cleared from Weeds (which, if permitted to grow, will foon over-run and deftroy them); and in very dry Weather, the Beds fhould be often watered, which will greatly promote the Growth of them.

In June these Plants will be pretty ftrong; at which time you fhould prepare fome Beds of light rich Earth, into which you should tranfplant fuch of the Plants as require to be drawn out where they come up too thick, at about four Inches Distance from each other, observing to water them until they have taken Root; after which they will

require

require no farther Care, but only to clear them from Weeds; and thefe Plants will grow strong, and produce a greater Number of Heads (or Knots, as they are commonly called) than those which remained in the Seed-beds unremoved; for which it is much preferred to it in the Markets, where it is called Knotted Marjoram, to diftinguish it from that which is not fo. Towards the Latter-end of July thefe Plants will flower, which is the proper Seafon to pull them up for medicinal Ufe, when they fhould be hung up in a fhady Place to dry.

The fecond Sort is a perennial Plant, which is preferved by fome curious Perfons in Pots, and placed in the Green-house in Winter. This Sort never produces Seeds with us, but is eafily propagated by planting Cuttings or Slips during any of the Summer-months, in a Bed of light rich Earth, obferving to water and fhade them until they have taken Root: at Michaelmas thefe Plants fhould be taken up, and planted in Pots filled with rich light Earth; and when they are fettled, they fhould be removed into the Greenhoufe, placing them near to the Windows, that they may have a good Share of free Air, when the Weather is mild: you must often refresh them with Water, but never give them too much at once; for that will rot them. With this Management the Plants may be preferved fresh through the whole Year, and will be in a Condition to gather for Nofegays any Part of the Winter, and have as good a Scent as the sweet Marjoram,

The third Sort was fent into England by Sir George Wheeler from Smyrna, where it grows in great Plenty. This Plant rifes to the Height of two or three Feet, and

becomes woody, but never produces any Seeds with us; tho' it is eafily propagated by planting Slips or Cuttings in any of the Summermonths, after the manner as was directed for the common Sort, and must be housed in Winter, tho' it muft not be kept too clofe; for it only requires to be protected from great Rains and Froft; but should have as much free Air as poffible in mild Weather, otherwise it is fubject to draw, and grow very weak.

MALABAR-NUT; vide Adha

MALACOIDES.

The Characters are;

It hath the Flower and Appearance of a Mallow; and hath a Fruit like that of a Bramble, but dry, which is compofed of feveral Cells, collected into a Sort of little Head or Button, in which are contained many kidney-shaped Seeds.

There is but one Species of this Plant, at prefent, in the English Gardens; which is,

MALACOIDES betonicæ folio. Tourn. Malacoides with a Betony-leaf.

This Plant is propagated by fowing the Seeds in March, upon a Bed of fresh light Earth; and when the Plants are come up, they should be tranfplanted into a warm dry Border, where they are to remain (for this Plant does not care for being often removed); and fome of them may be planted in Pots, that they may be fheltered in Winter; for in very severe Frofts they are

often

often destroyed: the Summer following they will produce their Flowers in June, and if the Seafon be favourable, they will fometimes ripen Seeds; but this does not often happen in our Country. There is no great Beauty in this Plant, but it is preserved by fuch as are curious in Variety.

MALLOW; vide Malva. MALLOW-TREE; vide Althæa. MALPIGHIA; Barbadoes-cherry; vulgo.

The Characters are;

It bath a small quinquifid Calyx, which confifts of one Leaf, having bifid Segments: the Flower confifts of five Leaves, which expand in form of a Rofe, having feveral Stamina collected in form of a Tube: the Ovary in the Bottom of the Flower-cup becomes a globular fleshy foft Fruit, in which is a fingle Capfule containing three ftony winged Nuts.

The Species are;

1. MALPIGHIA mali punici facie. Plum. N. G. Malpighia with the Face of Pomegranate, commonly called in the Weft-Indies, Barbadoescherry.

2. MALPIGHIA anguftifolia, folio fubtus fpinofo. Plum. Nov. Gen. 46. Magpighia with a narrow Leaf, having Spines on the Under-fide.

3. MALPIGHIA latifolia, folio fubtus fpinofo. Plum. Nov. Gen. 46. Broad-leaved Malpighia, with Spines on the Under-fide of the Leaves.

4. MALPIGHIA humilis, ilicis cocciglandifera foliis. Plum. N. G. 46. Dwarf Malpighia, with Leaves like thofe of the Kermes Oak.

The first Sort in the Weft-Indies, rifes to be fifteen or fixteen Feet high, where it produces great Quantities of a pleasant tart Fruit; for which Reafon it is propagated in most of the Gardens in thofe Countries; but in Europe it is only pre

It is

ferved as a Curiofity by fuch Per fons as delight in Variety. eafily propagated by Seeds, (which fhould be procured from the WeftIndies) and must be fown upon a Hot-bed in February. When the Plants are come up, they must be tranfplanted each into a feparate fmall Pot filled with fresh light Earth, and plunged into a Hot-bed of Tanners Bark, observing to shade them from the Violence of the Sun until they have taken Root, as alfo to water them from time to time, as they may require; and when the Plants begin to acquire Strength, and the Seafon is warm, they fhould have a good Share of Air, (efpecially in the Middle of the Day) by raising the Glaffes with a Stone or Brick; and if the Glaffes are wet, it will be proper to turn them, that those rancid Vapours may be dried up.

In June these Plants will have grown fo as to fill the fmall Pots with their Roots; at which time they fhould be fhaken out, (preferving the Earth intire about their Roots) and placed into larger Pots, which fhould be filled up with the fame light fresh Earth, and plunged again into the Hot-bed, obferving to water them as before, as alfo to give them Plenty of Air in hot Weather; and in the Heat of the Day, when the Sun is very hot, it will be proper to fhade the Glaffes with Mats.

By thus managing them, they will grow eighteen Inches high before Winter, and have pretty strong Stems (provided they have had a fufficient Quantity of Air); and in October, when the Nights are cold, they fhould be removed into the Stove, where they should be plunged into the Tanners Bark with the Papaw's, and other Weft Indian Plants;

ment.

The other three Sorts require the fame Management as the former; but must be often refreshed with Water, and may be used fomewhat more hardily; for they grow in a cooler Country. The fecond and third Sorts grow as large as the firft; but the third Kind is of very humble Growth, feldom rifing above three Feet high in its native Country; and in England, grows very flow; for I have one Plant of this Kind in the Phyfic-garden, which is two Years old from Seeds, and not more than two Inches high, altho' it appears to be in very good Condition. The other three Sorts have flowered in the Phyfic-garden; but I have not heard, that there has been Fruit produced on any of thefe Plants in Europe.

MALT-DUST is accounted a great Enricher of barren Ground: it contains in it a natural Heat and Sweetness, which gives the Earth, VOL. II.

whereon it is laid, a proper Fermentation, as those who live in Malting-countries have found by Experience.

Some are of Opinion, that there is not a greater Sweetener than Malt-duft, where the Grounds are natural Clay, and have contracted a Sournefs and Aufterity, whether by reafon of its having lain long untilled, and unexposed to the Air, or by reafon of Water having ftood long thereon.

MALVA, Mallows.

The Characters are ;

It hath a fibrofe Root: the Leaves are round, or angular: the Flower confifts one Leaf, is of the expanded bell-shaped Kind, and cut into five Segments almoft to the Bottom: from the Centre rifes a pyramidal Tube, for the most part, loaded with many fmall Threads or Filaments : from the Centre of the Flower-cup rifes the Pointal in the Tube, which becomes the Fruit, which is flat, round, and fometimes pointed, wrapt up, for the most part, within the Flower-cup, and divided into several Cells fo difpofed round the Axle, that each little Lodge appears most artificially jointed within the correfponding Stria or Chanels: the Seed is, many times, shaped like a Kidney.

The Species are ;

1. MALVA vulgaris, flore majore, folio finuato. J. B. Common Mallow, with a large Flower.

2. MALVA fylveftris, folio finuato, flore albo. Sutherl. Common Mallow, with a large white Flower.

3. MALVA Sinenfis erecta, flofculis albis minimis. China upright Mallow, with fmall white Flowers. 4. MALVA foliis crifpis. C. B. P. The curled or furbeloed Mallow.

5. MALVA folio vario. C. B. P. Mallow with a varfable Leaf.

H

6. MALVA

6. MALVA orientalis erectior, flore magno fuave-rubente. T. Cor. Upright oriental Mallow, with a large beautiful red Flower.

The first of these Plants is found wild in most Parts of England; but is rarely cultivated in Gardens. This is the Sort commonly used in Medicine, with which the Markets are fupplied by the Herbfolks, who gather it in the Fields.

The fecond Sort is a Variety of the first, from which it differs in the Colour of the Flower: this is preferved by fuch as are curious in preferving great Varieties of Plants; but is rarely cultivated in other Gardens.

The third Sort was formerly fent from China as a Pot-herb, and hath been cultivated in fome curious Gardens in England; though 'tis not likely to obtain here as an efculent Plant, fince we have many others, which are preferable to it for that Purpose. This is an annual Plant, which will propagate itself fast enough, provided it be permitted to fcatter its Seeds, when they feldom fail to grow, and are often very troublesome when they have gotten Poffeffion of the Ground.

The fourth Sort is preferved by fome curious Perfons for the Beauty of its Leaves, which are naturally furbeloed round their Edges: this is alfo an annual Plant, which will rife four or five Feet high, and propagate itself in the fame manner as the former.

The fifth Sort is more rare than any of the former: it grows wild in Spain and Italy, from whence the Seeds were brought into England, and is preferved by the Lovers of Variety; but there is no great Beauty in the Plant.

The fixth Sort is alfo an annual Plant, which commonly grows upright to the Height of three or four Feet, and produces great Numbers of beautiful red Flowers ; which renders it the best worth propagating in large Flower-gardens, where being placed in the Middle of large Borders, it makes a beautiful Appearance.

The Seeds of thefe Plants fhould be fown in March upon a Bed of fresh light Earth; and when they are come up four Inches high, they should be tranfplanted where they are defigned to be continued, allowing them a large Distance; for if they are planted too clofe, they do not appear fo well but they are best when intermixed with other Flowers of the fame Growth, where they afford an agreeable Variety.

These Seeds may also be fown in Auguft; and the Plants will endure the greatest Cold of our Climate, if placed on a dry Soil, and grow larger, and flower fooner, than those fown in the Spring: or if the Seeds are permitted to fcatter, they will come up as the two former Sorts, and thrive equally as well.

There are feveral other Sorts of Mallows, fome of which are Natives of this Country: but as they are Plants of no great Beauty or Ufe, it would be fuperfluous to mention them in this Place.

MALVA ARBOREA; vide Al