Invisible Engines: How Software Platforms Drive Innovation and Transform Industries

Front Cover
Harnessing the power of software platforms: what executives and entrepreneurs must know about how to use this technology to transform industries and how to develop the strategies that will create value and drive profits.

Software platforms are the invisible engines that have created, touched, or transformed nearly every major industry for the past quarter century. They power everything from mobile phones and automobile navigation systems to search engines and web portals. They have been the source of enormous value to consumers and helped some entrepreneurs build great fortunes. And they are likely to drive change that will dwarf the business and technology revolution we have seen to this point. Invisible Engines examines the business dynamics and strategies used by firms that recognize the transformative power unleashed by this new revolution—a revolution that will change both new and old industries.

The authors argue that in order to understand the successes of software platforms, we must first understand their role as a technological meeting ground where application developers and end users converge. Apple, Microsoft, and Google, for example, charge developers little or nothing for using their platforms and make most of their money from end users; Sony PlayStation and other game consoles, by contrast, subsidize users and make more money from developers, who pay royalties for access to the code they need to write games. More applications attract more users, and more users attract more applications. And more applications and more users lead to more profits.

Invisible Engines explores this story through the lens of the companies that have mastered this platform-balancing act. It offers detailed studies of the personal computer, video game console, personal digital assistant, smart mobile phone, and digital media software platform industries, focusing on the business decisions made by industry players to drive profits and stay a step ahead of the competition. Shorter discussions of Internet-based software platforms provide an important glimpse into a future in which the way we buy, pay, watch, listen, learn, and communicate will change forever. An electronic version of this book is available under a Creative Commons license.

From inside the book

Contents

Chapter 1
1
Bibliography
367
Index
377
Back cover
397
Copyright

Other editions - View all

Common terms and phrases

Popular passages

Page 18 - One evening I was sitting in the rooms of the Analytical Society, at Cambridge, my head leaning forward on the table in a kind of dreamy mood, with a table of logarithms lying open before me. Another member, coming into the room, and seeing me half asleep, called out ' Well, Babbage, what are you dreaming about ?' to which I * « Edinburgh Review," July, 1834, p. 273-4, replied ' I am thinking that all these tables (pointing to the logarithms) might be calculated by machinery.
Page 183 - telephone" has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us.
Page 17 - Computers in the future may weigh no more than one and a half tons!' (the magazine, Popular Mechanics, forecasting the relentless march of science, 1949) 'I have travelled the length and breadth of this country, and talked with the best people, and I can assure you that data processing is a fad that won't last out the year!
Page 81 - So we went to Atari and said, "Hey, we've got this amazing thing, even built with some of your parts, and what do you think about funding us? Or we'll give it to you. We just want to do it. Pay our salary, we'll come work for you.
Page 74 - You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parries under the terms of this License.
Page xi - This work could not have been completed without the help of many persons.
Page 260 - The Sizes of Businesses, Mainly in the Textile Industries," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, LXXVII (1914), 538. gests that vertical disintegration is the typical development in growing industries, vertical integration in declining industries.4 The significance of the theorem can therefore be tested by an appeal to the facts on vertical integration. Unfortunately, there are no wholly conclusive data on the trend of vertical integration. The only large-scale quantitative information at hand...
Page 1 - But what is it good for? (Engineer at the Advanced Computing Systems Division of IBM, 1968, commenting on the microchip) There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home. (Ken Olson, president, chairman and founder of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977) This 'telephone' has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication.

About the author (2008)

David S. Evans is Managing Director of the Global Competition Policy Practice at LECG LLC and part of Market Platform Dynamics, a management consulting firm that focuses on strategic analysis and product design for platform-based firms.

Richard L. Schmalensee is John C. Head III Dean and Professor of Management and Economics at the MIT Sloan School of Management. He is co-editor of Management: Inventing and Delivering Its Future (MIT Press, 2003).

Bibliographic information