Characteristics and Modelling of Physical Limnology Processes |
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Page 104
... friction Frictional effects are the most important factors in the generation , modification and dissipation of the ... friction The shearing stresses acting on a unit area are proportio- nal to the rate of shear normal to the surface in ...
... friction Frictional effects are the most important factors in the generation , modification and dissipation of the ... friction The shearing stresses acting on a unit area are proportio- nal to the rate of shear normal to the surface in ...
Page 106
... frictional velocity = √TO / PO • ( 2.42 ) A stress of 1 dyne / cm2 corresponds to a friction velocity u = 1 cm / sec , a typical value taken in practical calculations . Knowing the friction parameter we can easily describe ( Csana- dy ...
... frictional velocity = √TO / PO • ( 2.42 ) A stress of 1 dyne / cm2 corresponds to a friction velocity u = 1 cm / sec , a typical value taken in practical calculations . Knowing the friction parameter we can easily describe ( Csana- dy ...
Page 226
... frictional depth DE ( Lacombe , [ 1965 ] ) . The curves illustrate the gradient current at depth 0.25 DE 0.50 DE and 1.25 DE . For depths smaller than DE the effect of bottom friction is noticeable throughout the entire water lay- er ...
... frictional depth DE ( Lacombe , [ 1965 ] ) . The curves illustrate the gradient current at depth 0.25 DE 0.50 DE and 1.25 DE . For depths smaller than DE the effect of bottom friction is noticeable throughout the entire water lay- er ...
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atmospheric pressure bottom boundary conditions caused characteristics characterizes components considered constant Coriolis force decreases density depends depth H described direction drag coefficient drift current dynamical processes energy epilimnion equation evaluated evaporation external finite-difference flow fluid fresh water friction geomorphometry given gradient currents horizontal hydrostatic equation hypolimnion ice cover increase inertial internal waves isotherms km² Lac Léman Lake of Constance Lake of Zurich lake waters layer limnology modelling technique momentum motion numerical modelling observed obtain oscillations oxygen parameter period phenomena physical limnology pressure gradients regions role saline seiche seiche-like shallow water shear stress solar radiation solution speed storm surges stratified surface water thermal thermocline tion turbulent uninodal vertical water basin water circulation water column water level variations water masses water surface water temperature whereas wind action wód ара Әр ди дра ду